#!/bin/zsh -i
#
# Zsh calculator.  Understands most ordinary arithmetic expressions.
# Line editing and history are available. A blank line or `q' quits.
#
# Runs as a script or a function.  If used as a function, the history
# is remembered for reuse in a later call (and also currently in the
# shell's own history).  There are various problems using this as a
# script, so a function is recommended.
#
# The prompt shows a number for the current line.  The corresponding
# result can be referred to with $<line-no>, e.g.
#   1> 32 + 10
#   42
#   2> $1 ** 2
#   1764
# The set of remembered numbers is primed with anything given on the
# command line.  For example,
#   zcalc '2 * 16'
#   1> 32                     # printed by function
#   2> $1 + 2                 # typed by user
#   34
#   3> 
# Here, 32 is stored as $1.  This works in the obvious way for any
# number of arguments.
#
# If the mathfunc library is available, probably understands most system
# mathematical functions.  The left parenthesis must be adjacent to the
# end of the function name, to distinguish from shell parameters
# (translation: to prevent the maintainers from having to write proper
# lookahead parsing).  For example,
#   1> sqrt(2)
#   1.4142135623730951
# is right, but `sqrt (2)' will give you an error.
#
# You can do things with parameters like
#   1> pi = 4.0 * atan(1)
# too.  These go into global parameters, so be careful.  You can declare
# local variables, however:
#   1> local pi
# but note this can't appear on the same line as a calculation.  Don't
# use the variables listed in the `local' and `integer' lines below
# (translation: I can't be bothered to provide a sandbox).
#
# You can declare or delete math functions (implemented via zmathfuncdef):
#   1> function cube $1 * $1 * $1
# This has a single compulsory argument.  Note the function takes care of
# the punctuation.  To delete the function, put nothing (at all) after
# the function name:
#   1> function cube
#
# Some constants are already available: (case sensitive as always):
#   PI     pi, i.e. 3.1415926545897931
#   E      e, i.e. 2.7182818284590455
#
# You can also change the output base.
#   1> [#16]
#   1>
# Changes the default output to hexadecimal with numbers preceded by `16#'.
# Note the line isn't remembered.
#   2> [##16]
#   2>
# Change the default output base to hexadecimal with no prefix.
#   3> [#]
# Reset the default output base.
#
# This is based on the builtin feature that you can change the output base
# of a given expression.  For example,
#   1> [##16]  32 + 20 / 2
#   2A
#   2> 
# prints the result of the calculation in hexadecimal.
#
# You can't change the default input base, but the shell allows any small
# integer as a base:
#   1> 2#1111
#   15
#   2> [##13] 13#6 * 13#9
#   42
# and the standard C-like notation with a leading 0x for hexadecimal is
# also understood.  However, leading 0 for octal is not understood --- it's
# too confusing in a calculator.  Use 8#777 etc.
#
# Options: -#<base> is the same as a line containing just `[#<base>],
# similarly -##<base>; they set the default output base, with and without
# a base discriminator in front, respectively.
#
#
# To do:
# - separate zcalc history from shell history using arrays --- or allow
#   zsh to switch internally to and from array-based history.

emulate -L zsh
setopt extendedglob

# TODO: make local variables that shouldn't be visible in expressions
# begin with _.
local line ans base defbase forms match mbegin mend psvar optlist opt arg
local compcontext="-zcalc-line-"
integer num outdigits outform=1

# We use our own history file with an automatic pop on exit.
history -ap "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zcalc_history"

forms=( '%2$g' '%.*g' '%.*f' '%.*E' '')

zmodload -i zsh/mathfunc 2>/dev/null
autoload -Uz zmathfuncdef

: ${ZCALCPROMPT="%1v> "}

# Supply some constants.
float PI E
(( PI = 4 * atan(1), E = exp(1) ))

# Process command line
while [[ -n $1 && $1 = -(|[#-]*) ]]; do
  optlist=${1[2,-1]}
  shift
  [[ $optlist = (|-) ]] && break
  while [[ -n $optlist ]]; do
    opt=${optlist[1]}
    optlist=${optlist[2,-1]}
    case $opt in
      ('#') # Default base
            if [[ -n $optlist ]]; then
	       arg=$optlist
	       optlist=
	    elif [[ -n $1 ]]; then
	       arg=$1
	       shift
	    else
	       print "-# requires an argument" >&2
	       return 1
	    fi
	    if [[ $arg != (|\#)[[:digit:]]## ]]; then
	      print - "-# requires a decimal number as an argument" >&2
	      return 1
	    fi
            defbase="[#${arg}]"
	    ;;
    esac
  done
done

for (( num = 1; num <= $#; num++ )); do
  # Make sure all arguments have been evaluated.
  # The `$' before the second argv forces string rather than numeric
  # substitution.
  (( argv[$num] = $argv[$num] ))
  print "$num> $argv[$num]"
done

psvar[1]=$num
while vared -cehp "${ZCALCPROMPT}" line; do
  [[ -z $line ]] && break
  # special cases
  # Set default base if `[#16]' or `[##16]' etc. on its own.
  # Unset it if `[#]' or `[##]'.
  if [[ $line = (#b)[[:blank:]]#('[#'(\#|)(<->|)']')[[:blank:]]#(*) ]]; then
    if [[ -z $match[4] ]]; then
      if [[ -z $match[3] ]]; then
	defbase=
      else
	defbase=$match[1]
      fi
      print -s -- $line
      line=
      continue
    else
      base=$match[1]
    fi
  else
    base=$defbase
  fi

  print -s -- $line

  line="${${line##[[:blank:]]#}%%[[:blank:]]#}"
  case "$line" in
    # Escapes begin with a colon
    (:(\\|)\!*)
    # shell escape: handle completion's habit of quoting the !
    eval ${line##:(\\|)\![[:blank:]]#}
    line=
    continue
    ;;

    ((:|)q)
    # Exit
    return 0
    ;;

    ((:|)norm) # restore output format to default
      outform=1
    ;;

    ((:|)sci[[:blank:]]#(#b)(<->)(#B))
      outdigits=$match[1]
      outform=2
    ;;

    ((:|)fix[[:blank:]]#(#b)(<->)(#B))
      outdigits=$match[1]
      outform=3
    ;;

    ((:|)eng[[:blank:]]#(#b)(<->)(#B))
      outdigits=$match[1]
      outform=4
    ;;

    (:raw)
    outform=5
    ;;

    ((:|)local([[:blank:]]##*|))
      eval $line
      line=
      continue
    ;;

    ((:|)function[[:blank:]]##(#b)([^[:blank:]]##)(|[[:blank:]]##([^[:blank:]]*)))
      zmathfuncdef $match[1] $match[3]
      line=
      continue
    ;;

    (:*)
    print "Unrecognised escape"
    line=
    continue
    ;;

    (*)
      # Latest value is stored as a string, because it might be floating
      # point or integer --- we don't know till after the evaluation, and
      # arrays always store scalars anyway.
      #
      # Since it's a string, we'd better make sure we know which
      # base it's in, so don't change that until we actually print it.
      eval "ans=\$(( $line ))"
      # on error $ans is not set; let user re-edit line
      [[ -n $ans ]] || continue
      argv[num++]=$ans
      psvar[1]=$num
    ;;
  esac
  if [[ -n $base ]]; then
    print -- $(( $base $ans ))
  elif [[ $ans = *.* ]] || (( outdigits )); then
    if [[ -z $forms[outform] ]]; then
      print -- $(( $ans ))
    else
      printf "$forms[outform]\n" $outdigits $ans
    fi
  else
    printf "%d\n" $ans
  fi
  line=
done

return 0