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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>Frontend/Backend Protocol</TITLE
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>PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A
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><DIV
CLASS="CHAPTER"
><H1
><A
NAME="PROTOCOL"
></A
>Chapter 46. Frontend/Backend Protocol</H1
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>46.1. <A
HREF="protocol-overview.html"
>Overview</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>46.1.1. <A
HREF="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-MESSAGE-CONCEPTS"
>Messaging Overview</A
></DT
><DT
>46.1.2. <A
HREF="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-QUERY-CONCEPTS"
>Extended Query Overview</A
></DT
><DT
>46.1.3. <A
HREF="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-FORMAT-CODES"
>Formats and Format Codes</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>46.2. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html"
>Message Flow</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>46.2.1. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#AEN95777"
>Start-up</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.2. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#AEN95852"
>Simple Query</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.3. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-FLOW-EXT-QUERY"
>Extended Query</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.4. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#AEN95963"
>Function Call</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.5. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-COPY"
>COPY Operations</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.6. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-ASYNC"
>Asynchronous Operations</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.7. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#AEN96049"
>Canceling Requests in Progress</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.8. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#AEN96057"
>Termination</A
></DT
><DT
>46.2.9. <A
HREF="protocol-flow.html#AEN96066"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SSL</ACRONYM
> Session Encryption</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>46.3. <A
HREF="protocol-replication.html"
>Streaming Replication Protocol</A
></DT
><DT
>46.4. <A
HREF="protocol-message-types.html"
>Message Data Types</A
></DT
><DT
>46.5. <A
HREF="protocol-message-formats.html"
>Message Formats</A
></DT
><DT
>46.6. <A
HREF="protocol-error-fields.html"
>Error and Notice Message Fields</A
></DT
><DT
>46.7. <A
HREF="protocol-changes.html"
>Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><P
>  <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> uses a message-based protocol
  for communication between frontends and backends (clients and servers).
  The protocol is supported over <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TCP/IP</ACRONYM
> and also over
  Unix-domain sockets.  Port number 5432 has been registered with IANA as
  the customary TCP port number for servers supporting this protocol, but
  in practice any non-privileged port number can be used.
 </P
><P
>  This document describes version 3.0 of the protocol, implemented in
  <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> 7.4 and later.  For descriptions
  of the earlier protocol versions, see previous releases of the
  <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> documentation.  A single server
  can support multiple protocol versions.  The initial
  startup-request message tells the server which protocol version the
  client is attempting to use, and then the server follows that protocol
  if it is able.
 </P
><P
>   In order to serve multiple clients efficiently, the server launches
   a new <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"backend"</SPAN
> process for each client.
   In the current implementation, a new child
   process is created immediately after an incoming connection is detected.
   This is transparent to the protocol, however.  For purposes of the
   protocol, the terms <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"backend"</SPAN
> and <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"server"</SPAN
> are
   interchangeable; likewise <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"frontend"</SPAN
> and <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"client"</SPAN
>
   are interchangeable.
  </P
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