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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS"
>27.2. The Statistics Collector</A
></H1
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>'s <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>statistics collector</I
>
is a subsystem that supports collection and reporting of information about
server activity. Presently, the collector can count accesses to tables
and indexes in both disk-block and individual-row terms. It also tracks
the total number of rows in each table, and information about vacuum and
analyze actions for each table. It can also count calls to user-defined
functions and the total time spent in each one.
</P
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> also supports reporting of the exact
command currently being executed by other server processes. This
facility is independent of the collector process.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS-SETUP"
>27.2.1. Statistics Collection Configuration</A
></H2
><P
> Since collection of statistics adds some overhead to query execution,
the system can be configured to collect or not collect information.
This is controlled by configuration parameters that are normally set in
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>. (See <A
HREF="runtime-config.html"
>Chapter 18</A
> for
details about setting configuration parameters.)
</P
><P
> The parameter <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITIES"
>track_activities</A
> enables monitoring
of the current command being executed by any server process.
</P
><P
> The parameter <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-COUNTS"
>track_counts</A
> controls whether
statistics are collected about table and index accesses.
</P
><P
> The parameter <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-FUNCTIONS"
>track_functions</A
> enables tracking of
usage of user-defined functions.
</P
><P
> The parameter <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-IO-TIMING"
>track_io_timing</A
> enables monitoring
of block read and write times.
</P
><P
> Normally these parameters are set in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
> so
that they apply to all server processes, but it is possible to turn
them on or off in individual sessions using the <A
HREF="sql-set.html"
>SET</A
> command. (To prevent
ordinary users from hiding their activity from the administrator,
only superusers are allowed to change these parameters with
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SET</TT
>.)
</P
><P
> The statistics collector transmits the collected information to other
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> processes through temporary files.
These files are stored in the directory named by the
<A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-STATS-TEMP-DIRECTORY"
>stats_temp_directory</A
> parameter,
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_stat_tmp</TT
> by default.
For better performance, <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>stats_temp_directory</TT
> can be
pointed at a RAM-based file system, decreasing physical I/O requirements.
When the server shuts down, a permanent copy of the statistics
data is stored in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>global</TT
> subdirectory, so that
statistics can be retained across server restarts.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS"
>27.2.2. Viewing Collected Statistics</A
></H2
><P
> Several predefined views, listed in <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE"
>Table 27-1</A
>, are available to show the results
of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can
build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed
in <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS"
>Section 27.2.3</A
>.
</P
><P
> When using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important
to realize that the information does not update instantaneously.
Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to
the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in
progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself
emits a new report at most once per <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL</TT
>
milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the
displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query
information collected by <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>track_activities</TT
> is
always up-to-date.
</P
><P
> Another important point is that when a server process is asked to display
any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by
the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all
statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction.
So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the
current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of
all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested
within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout
the transaction.
This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several
queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that
the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new
results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction
block. Alternatively, you can invoke
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_clear_snapshot</CODE
>(), which will discard the
current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of
statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.
</P
><P
> A transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the
collector) in the views <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_all_tables</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_sys_tables</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_user_tables</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_user_functions</TT
>. These numbers do not act as
stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-1. Standard Statistics Views</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>View Name</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
>
</TD
><TD
> One row per server process, showing information related to
the current activity of that process, such as state and current query.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW"
>pg_stat_activity</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_bgwriter</TT
></TD
><TD
>One row only, showing statistics about the
background writer process's activity. See
<A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW"
>pg_stat_bgwriter</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_database</TT
></TD
><TD
>One row per database, showing database-wide statistics. See
<A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW"
>pg_stat_database</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row for each table in the current database, showing statistics
about accesses to that specific table.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"
>pg_stat_all_tables</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_sys_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
>, except that only
system tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
>, except that only user
tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_all_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Similar to <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
>, but counts actions
taken so far within the current transaction (which are <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>not</I
></SPAN
>
yet included in <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
> and related views).
The columns for numbers of live and dead rows and vacuum and
analyze actions are not present in this view.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_sys_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_all_tables</TT
>, except that only
system tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_user_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_all_tables</TT
>, except that only
user tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row for each index in the current database, showing statistics
about accesses to that specific index.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_sys_indexes</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
>, except that only
indexes on system tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_indexes</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
>, except that only
indexes on user tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row for each table in the current database, showing statistics
about I/O on that specific table.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"
>pg_statio_all_tables</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_sys_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_tables</TT
>, except that only
system tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_user_tables</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_tables</TT
>, except that only
user tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_indexes</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row for each index in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific index.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"
>pg_statio_all_indexes</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_sys_indexes</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_indexes</TT
>, except that only
indexes on system tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_user_indexes</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_indexes</TT
>, except that only
indexes on user tables are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_sequences</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row for each sequence in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW"
>pg_statio_all_sequences</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_sys_sequences</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_sequences</TT
>, except that only
system sequences are shown. (Presently, no system sequences are defined,
so this view is always empty.)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_user_sequences</TT
></TD
><TD
>Same as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_sequences</TT
>, except that only
user sequences are shown.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_functions</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row for each tracked function, showing statistics
about executions of that function. See
<A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW"
>pg_stat_user_functions</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_xact_user_functions</TT
></TD
><TD
>Similar to <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_functions</TT
>, but counts only
calls during the current transaction (which are <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>not</I
></SPAN
>
yet included in <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_functions</TT
>).</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_replication</TT
></TD
><TD
>One row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about
replication to that sender's connected standby server.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW"
>pg_stat_replication</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_database_conflicts</TT
></TD
><TD
> One row per database, showing database-wide statistics about
query cancels due to conflict with recovery on standby servers.
See <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW"
>pg_stat_database_conflicts</A
> for details.
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which
indexes are being used and how effective they are.
</P
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_</TT
> views are primarily useful to
determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number
of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer
hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without
invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the
entire story: due to the way in which <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>
handles disk I/O, data that is not in the
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> buffer cache might still reside in the
kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without
requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more
detailed information on <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> I/O behavior are
advised to use the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> statistics collector
in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight
into the kernel's handling of I/O.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-2. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>datid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of the database this backend is connected to</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>datname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the database this backend is connected to</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>pid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>Process ID of this backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>usesysid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of the user logged into this backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>usename</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the user logged into this backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>application_name</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the application that is connected
to this backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_addr</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>inet</TT
></TD
><TD
>IP address of the client connected to this backend.
If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is
connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an
internal process such as autovacuum.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_hostname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Host name of the connected client, as reported by a
reverse DNS lookup of <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_addr</TT
>. This field will
only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-HOSTNAME"
>log_hostname</A
> is enabled.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_port</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>TCP port number that the client is using for communication
with this backend, or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-1</TT
> if a Unix socket is used
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>backend_start</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when this process was started, i.e., when the
client connected to the server
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>xact_start</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null
if no transaction is active. If the current
query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>query_start</TT
> column.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>query_start</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when the currently active query was started, or if
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state</TT
> is not <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>active</TT
>, when the last query
was started
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state_change</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state</TT
> was last changed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>waiting</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
>True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Current overall state of this backend.
Possible values are:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>active</TT
>: The backend is executing a query.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>idle</TT
>: The backend is waiting for a new client command.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>idle in transaction</TT
>: The backend is in a transaction,
but is not currently executing a query.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>idle in transaction (aborted)</TT
>: This state is similar to
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>idle in transaction</TT
>, except one of the statements in
the transaction caused an error.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>fastpath function call</TT
>: The backend is executing a
fast-path function.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>disabled</TT
>: This state is reported if <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITIES"
>track_activities</A
> is disabled in this backend.
</P
></LI
></UL
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>query</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Text of this backend's most recent query. If
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state</TT
> is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>active</TT
> this field shows the
currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query
that was executed.
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
> view will have one row
per server process, showing information related to
the current activity of that process.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>waiting</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state</TT
> columns are
independent. If a backend is in the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>active</TT
> state,
it may or may not be <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>waiting</TT
>. If the state is
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>active</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>waiting</TT
> is true, it means
that a query is being executed, but is being blocked by a lock
somewhere in the system.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-3. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_bgwriter</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>checkpoints_timed</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>checkpoints_req</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>checkpoint_write_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
> Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of
checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>checkpoint_sync_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
> Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of
checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in
milliseconds
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>buffers_checkpoint</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffers written during checkpoints</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>buffers_clean</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffers written by the background writer</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>maxwritten_clean</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning
scan because it had written too many buffers</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>buffers_backend</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffers written directly by a backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>buffers_backend_fsync</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times a backend had to execute its own
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>fsync</CODE
> call (normally the background writer handles those
even when the backend does its own write)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>buffers_alloc</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffers allocated</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>stats_reset</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time at which these statistics were last reset</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_bgwriter</TT
> view will always have a
single row, containing global data for the cluster.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-4. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_database</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>datid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of a database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>datname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>numbackends</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of backends currently connected to this database.
This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting
current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since
the last reset.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>xact_commit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of transactions in this database that have been
committed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>xact_rollback</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of transactions in this database that have been
rolled back</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer
cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the
PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tup_returned</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows returned by queries in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tup_fetched</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows fetched by queries in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tup_inserted</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows inserted by queries in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tup_updated</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows updated by queries in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tup_deleted</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows deleted by queries in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conflicts</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery
in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see
<A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW"
>pg_stat_database_conflicts</A
> for details.)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>temp_files</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of temporary files created by queries in this database.
All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file
was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-TEMP-FILES"
>log_temp_files</A
> setting.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>temp_bytes</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in
this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why
the temporary file was created, and
regardless of the <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-TEMP-FILES"
>log_temp_files</A
> setting.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>deadlocks</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of deadlocks detected in this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blk_read_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database,
in milliseconds</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blk_write_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database,
in milliseconds</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>stats_reset</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time at which these statistics were last reset</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_database</TT
> view will contain one row
for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-5. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of a table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>schemaname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the schema that this table is in</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>seq_scan</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of sequential scans initiated on this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>seq_tup_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_scan</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of index scans initiated on this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_fetch</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of live rows fetched by index scans</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>n_tup_ins</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows inserted</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>n_tup_upd</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows updated</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>n_tup_del</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows deleted</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>n_tup_hot_upd</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of rows HOT updated (i.e., with no separate index
update required)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>n_live_tup</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Estimated number of live rows</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>n_dead_tup</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Estimated number of dead rows</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>last_vacuum</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed
(not counting <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>VACUUM FULL</TT
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>last_autovacuum</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last time at which this table was vacuumed by the autovacuum
daemon</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>last_analyze</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last time at which this table was manually analyzed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>last_autoanalyze</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last time at which this table was analyzed by the autovacuum
daemon</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>vacuum_count</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed
(not counting <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>VACUUM FULL</TT
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>autovacuum_count</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum
daemon</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>analyze_count</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times this table has been manually analyzed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>autoanalyze_count</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum
daemon</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
> view will contain
one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST
tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_tables</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_sys_tables</TT
> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-6. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of the table for this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>indexrelid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>schemaname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the schema this index is in</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the table for this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>indexrelname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_scan</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of index scans initiated on this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of index entries returned by scans on this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_fetch</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this
index</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
> view will contain
one row for each index in the current database,
showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_indexes</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_sys_indexes</TT
> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.
</P
><P
> Indexes can be used via either simple index scans or <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bitmap"</SPAN
>
index scans. In a bitmap scan
the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules,
so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches
with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap
scan increments the
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
>.<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_read</TT
>
count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_tables</TT
>.<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_fetch</TT
>
count for the table, but it does not affect
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_all_indexes</TT
>.<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_fetch</TT
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_read</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_fetch</TT
> counts
can be different even without any use of bitmap scans,
because <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_read</TT
> counts
index entries retrieved from the index while <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_tup_fetch</TT
>
counts live rows fetched from the table. The latter will be less if any
dead or not-yet-committed rows are fetched using the index, or if any
heap fetches are avoided by means of an index-only scan.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-7. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_tables</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of a table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>schemaname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the schema that this table is in</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>heap_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read from this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>heap_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffer hits in this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>toast_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>toast_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tidx_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table index (if any)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>tidx_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table index (if any)</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_tables</TT
> view will contain
one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST
tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_user_tables</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_sys_tables</TT
> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-8. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_indexes</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of the table for this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>indexrelid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>schemaname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the schema this index is in</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the table for this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>indexrelname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read from this index</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>idx_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffer hits in this index</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_indexes</TT
> view will contain
one row for each index in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_user_indexes</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_sys_indexes</TT
> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-9. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_sequences</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of a sequence</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>schemaname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the schema this sequence is in</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>relname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this sequence</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of disk blocks read from this sequence</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of buffer hits in this sequence</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_statio_all_sequences</TT
> view will contain
one row for each sequence in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-10. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_functions</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>funcid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of a function</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>schemaname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the schema this function is in</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>funcname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this function</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>calls</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of times this function has been called</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>total_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
>Total time spent in this function and all other functions
called by it, in milliseconds</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>self_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
>Total time spent in this function itself, not including
other functions called by it, in milliseconds</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_user_functions</TT
> view will contain
one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of
that function. The <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-FUNCTIONS"
>track_functions</A
> parameter
controls exactly which functions are tracked.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-11. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_replication</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>pid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>Process ID of a WAL sender process</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>usesysid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>usename</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>application_name</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of the application that is connected
to this WAL sender</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_addr</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>inet</TT
></TD
><TD
>IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender.
If this field is null, it indicates that the client is
connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_hostname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Host name of the connected client, as reported by a
reverse DNS lookup of <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_addr</TT
>. This field will
only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-HOSTNAME"
>log_hostname</A
> is enabled.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>client_port</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>TCP port number that the client is using for communication
with this WAL sender, or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-1</TT
> if a Unix socket is used
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>backend_start</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when this process was started, i.e., when the
client connected to this WAL sender
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>state</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Current WAL sender state</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>sent_location</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last transaction log position sent on this connection</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>write_location</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby
server</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>flush_location</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby
server</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>replay_location</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this
standby server</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>sync_priority</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the
synchronous standby</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>sync_state</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Synchronous state of this standby server</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_replication</TT
> view will contain one row
per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that
sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are
listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-12. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_database_conflicts</TT
> View</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Column</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>datid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of a database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>datname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>Name of this database</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confl_tablespace</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
dropped tablespaces</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confl_lock</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
lock timeouts</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confl_snapshot</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
old snapshots</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confl_bufferpin</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
pinned buffers</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confl_deadlock</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
deadlocks</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_database_conflicts</TT
> view will contain
one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about
query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers.
This view will only contain information on standby servers, since
conflicts do not occur on master servers.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS"
>27.2.3. Statistics Functions</A
></H2
><P
> Other ways of looking at the statistics can be set up by writing
queries that use the same underlying statistics access functions used by
the standard views shown above. For details such as the functions' names,
consult the definitions of the standard views. (For example, in
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> you could issue <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>\d+ pg_stat_activity</TT
>.)
The access functions for per-database statistics take a database OID as an
argument to identify which database to report on.
The per-table and per-index functions take a table or index OID.
The functions for per-function statistics take a function OID.
Note that only tables, indexes, and functions in the current database
can be seen with these functions.
</P
><P
> Additional functions related to statistics collection are listed in <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCS-TABLE"
>Table 27-13</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS-FUNCS-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-13. Additional Statistics Functions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_backend_pid()</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
> Process ID of the server process handling the current session
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_activity</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>setof record</TT
></TD
><TD
> Returns a record of information about the backend with the specified PID, or
one record for each active backend in the system if <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NULL</TT
> is
specified. The fields returned are a subset of those in the
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
> view.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_clear_snapshot()</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>void</TT
></TD
><TD
> Discard the current statistics snapshot
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_reset()</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>void</TT
></TD
><TD
> Reset all statistics counters for the current database to zero
(requires superuser privileges)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_reset_shared</CODE
>(text)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>void</TT
></TD
><TD
> Reset some cluster-wide statistics counters to zero, depending on the
argument (requires superuser privileges).
Calling <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter')</TT
> will zero all the
counters shown in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_bgwriter</TT
> view.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters</CODE
>(oid)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>void</TT
></TD
><TD
> Reset statistics for a single table or index in the current database to
zero (requires superuser privileges)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters</CODE
>(oid)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>void</TT
></TD
><TD
> Reset statistics for a single function in the current database to
zero (requires superuser privileges)
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_activity</CODE
>, the underlying function of
the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
> view, returns a set of records
containing all the available information about each backend process.
Sometimes it may be more convenient to obtain just a subset of this
information. In such cases, an older set of per-backend statistics
access functions can be used; these are shown in <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-BACKEND-FUNCS-TABLE"
>Table 27-14</A
>.
These access functions use a backend ID number, which ranges from one
to the number of currently active backends.
The function <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_idset</CODE
> provides a
convenient way to generate one row for each active backend for
invoking these functions. For example, to show the <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>PID</ACRONYM
>s and
current queries of all backends:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>SELECT pg_stat_get_backend_pid(s.backendid) AS pid,
pg_stat_get_backend_activity(s.backendid) AS query
FROM (SELECT pg_stat_get_backend_idset() AS backendid) AS s;</PRE
><P>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="MONITORING-STATS-BACKEND-FUNCS-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 27-14. Per-Backend Statistics Functions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_idset()</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>setof integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>Set of currently active backend ID numbers (from 1 to the
number of active backends)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_activity(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Text of this backend's most recent query</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_activity_start(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when the most recent query was started</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_client_addr(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>inet</TT
></TD
><TD
>IP address of the client connected to this backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_client_port(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>TCP port number that the client is using for communication</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_dbid(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of the database this backend is connected to</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_pid(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>Process ID of this backend</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_start(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time when this process was started</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_get_backend_userid(integer)</CODE
></TT
></TD
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><TT
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>oid</TT
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><CODE
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>pg_stat_get_backend_waiting(integer)</CODE
></TT
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>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
>True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock</TD
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><TT
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><CODE
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>pg_stat_get_backend_xact_start(integer)</CODE
></TT
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><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamp with time zone</TT
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