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>Chapter 31. <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
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><A
NAME="LIBPQ-BUILD"
>31.20. Building <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> Programs</A
></H1
><P
> To build (i.e., compile and link) a program using
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> you need to do all of the following
things:
<P
></P
></P><UL
><LI
><P
> Include the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>libpq-fe.h</TT
> header file:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>#include <libpq-fe.h></PRE
><P>
If you failed to do that then you will normally get error messages
from your compiler similar to:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>foo.c: In function `main':
foo.c:34: `PGconn' undeclared (first use in this function)
foo.c:35: `PGresult' undeclared (first use in this function)
foo.c:54: `CONNECTION_BAD' undeclared (first use in this function)
foo.c:68: `PGRES_COMMAND_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)
foo.c:95: `PGRES_TUPLES_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)</PRE
><P>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Point your compiler to the directory where the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> header
files were installed, by supplying the
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-I<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></TT
> option
to your compiler. (In some cases the compiler will look into
the directory in question by default, so you can omit this
option.) For instance, your compile command line could look
like:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>cc -c -I/usr/local/pgsql/include testprog.c</PRE
><P>
If you are using makefiles then add the option to the
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>CPPFLAGS</TT
> variable:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CPPFLAGS += -I/usr/local/pgsql/include</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> If there is any chance that your program might be compiled by
other users then you should not hardcode the directory location
like that. Instead, you can run the utility
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>pg_config</TT
> to find out where the header
files are on the local system:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> pg_config --includedir
<SAMP
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>/usr/local/include</SAMP
></PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> Failure to specify the correct option to the compiler will
result in an error message such as:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>testlibpq.c:8:22: libpq-fe.h: No such file or directory</PRE
><P>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> When linking the final program, specify the option
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-lpq</TT
> so that the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
>
library gets pulled in, as well as the option
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-L<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></TT
> to point
the compiler to the directory where the
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> library resides. (Again, the
compiler will search some directories by default.) For maximum
portability, put the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L</TT
> option before the
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-lpq</TT
> option. For example:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>cc -o testprog testprog1.o testprog2.o -L/usr/local/pgsql/lib -lpq</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> You can find out the library directory using
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>pg_config</TT
> as well:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> pg_config --libdir
<SAMP
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</SAMP
></PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> Error messages that point to problems in this area could look like
the following:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>testlibpq.o: In function `main':
testlibpq.o(.text+0x60): undefined reference to `PQsetdbLogin'
testlibpq.o(.text+0x71): undefined reference to `PQstatus'
testlibpq.o(.text+0xa4): undefined reference to `PQerrorMessage'</PRE
><P>
This means you forgot <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-lpq</TT
>.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpq</PRE
><P>
This means you forgot the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L</TT
> option or did not
specify the right directory.
</P
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><P>
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