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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Preface" HREF="preface.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="BOOK" ><DIV CLASS="BOOK" ><A NAME="POSTGRES" ></A ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="TITLE" ><A NAME="POSTGRES" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></H1 ><H3 CLASS="CORPAUTHOR" >The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</H3 ><P CLASS="COPYRIGHT" ><A HREF="LEGALNOTICE.html" >Copyright</A > © 1996-2017 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</P ><HR></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="preface.html" >Preface</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT ><A HREF="intro-whatis.html" >What is <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN >?</A ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="history.html" >A Brief History of <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="notation.html" >Conventions</A ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="resources.html" >Further Information</A ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="bug-reporting.html" >Bug Reporting Guidelines</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >I. <A HREF="tutorial.html" >Tutorial</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >1. <A HREF="tutorial-start.html" >Getting Started</A ></DT ><DT >2. <A HREF="tutorial-sql.html" >The <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > Language</A ></DT ><DT >3. <A HREF="tutorial-advanced.html" >Advanced Features</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >II. <A HREF="sql.html" >The SQL Language</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >4. <A HREF="sql-syntax.html" >SQL Syntax</A ></DT ><DT >5. <A HREF="ddl.html" >Data Definition</A ></DT ><DT >6. <A HREF="dml.html" >Data Manipulation</A ></DT ><DT >7. <A HREF="queries.html" >Queries</A ></DT ><DT >8. <A HREF="datatype.html" >Data Types</A ></DT ><DT >9. <A HREF="functions.html" >Functions and Operators</A ></DT ><DT >10. <A HREF="typeconv.html" >Type Conversion</A ></DT ><DT >11. <A HREF="indexes.html" >Indexes</A ></DT ><DT >12. <A HREF="textsearch.html" >Full Text Search</A ></DT ><DT >13. <A HREF="mvcc.html" >Concurrency Control</A ></DT ><DT >14. <A HREF="performance-tips.html" >Performance Tips</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >III. <A HREF="admin.html" >Server Administration</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >15. <A HREF="installation.html" >Installation from Source Code</A ></DT ><DT >16. <A HREF="install-windows.html" >Installation from Source Code on <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >Windows</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >17. <A HREF="runtime.html" >Server Setup and Operation</A ></DT ><DT >18. <A HREF="runtime-config.html" >Server Configuration</A ></DT ><DT >19. <A HREF="client-authentication.html" >Client Authentication</A ></DT ><DT >20. <A HREF="user-manag.html" >Database Roles</A ></DT ><DT >21. <A HREF="managing-databases.html" >Managing Databases</A ></DT ><DT >22. <A HREF="charset.html" >Localization</A ></DT ><DT >23. <A HREF="maintenance.html" >Routine Database Maintenance Tasks</A ></DT ><DT >24. <A HREF="backup.html" >Backup and Restore</A ></DT ><DT >25. <A HREF="high-availability.html" >High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</A ></DT ><DT >26. <A HREF="recovery-config.html" >Recovery Configuration</A ></DT ><DT >27. <A HREF="monitoring.html" >Monitoring Database Activity</A ></DT ><DT >28. <A HREF="diskusage.html" >Monitoring Disk Usage</A ></DT ><DT >29. <A HREF="wal.html" >Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log</A ></DT ><DT >30. <A HREF="regress.html" >Regression Tests</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >IV. <A HREF="client-interfaces.html" >Client Interfaces</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >31. <A HREF="libpq.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > - C Library</A ></DT ><DT >32. <A HREF="largeobjects.html" >Large Objects</A ></DT ><DT >33. <A HREF="ecpg.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >ECPG</SPAN > - Embedded <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > in C</A ></DT ><DT >34. <A HREF="information-schema.html" >The Information Schema</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >V. <A HREF="server-programming.html" >Server Programming</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >35. <A HREF="extend.html" >Extending <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM ></A ></DT ><DT >36. <A HREF="triggers.html" >Triggers</A ></DT ><DT >37. <A HREF="rules.html" >The Rule System</A ></DT ><DT >38. <A HREF="xplang.html" >Procedural Languages</A ></DT ><DT >39. <A HREF="plpgsql.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN > - <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > Procedural Language</A ></DT ><DT >40. <A HREF="pltcl.html" >PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language</A ></DT ><DT >41. <A HREF="plperl.html" >PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language</A ></DT ><DT >42. <A HREF="plpython.html" >PL/Python - Python Procedural Language</A ></DT ><DT >43. <A HREF="spi.html" >Server Programming Interface</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >VI. <A HREF="reference.html" >Reference</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >I. <A HREF="sql-commands.html" >SQL Commands</A ></DT ><DT >II. <A HREF="reference-client.html" >PostgreSQL Client Applications</A ></DT ><DT >III. <A HREF="reference-server.html" >PostgreSQL Server Applications</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >VII. <A HREF="internals.html" >Internals</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >44. <A HREF="overview.html" >Overview of PostgreSQL Internals</A ></DT ><DT >45. <A HREF="catalogs.html" >System Catalogs</A ></DT ><DT >46. <A HREF="protocol.html" >Frontend/Backend Protocol</A ></DT ><DT >47. <A HREF="source.html" >PostgreSQL Coding Conventions</A ></DT ><DT >48. <A HREF="nls.html" >Native Language Support</A ></DT ><DT >49. <A HREF="plhandler.html" >Writing A Procedural Language Handler</A ></DT ><DT >50. <A HREF="fdwhandler.html" >Writing A Foreign Data Wrapper</A ></DT ><DT >51. <A HREF="geqo.html" >Genetic Query Optimizer</A ></DT ><DT >52. <A HREF="indexam.html" >Index Access Method Interface Definition</A ></DT ><DT >53. <A HREF="gist.html" >GiST Indexes</A ></DT ><DT >54. <A HREF="spgist.html" >SP-GiST Indexes</A ></DT ><DT >55. <A HREF="gin.html" >GIN Indexes</A ></DT ><DT >56. <A HREF="storage.html" >Database Physical Storage</A ></DT ><DT >57. <A HREF="bki.html" ><ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >BKI</ACRONYM > Backend Interface</A ></DT ><DT >58. <A HREF="planner-stats-details.html" >How the Planner Uses Statistics</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >VIII. <A HREF="appendixes.html" >Appendixes</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >A. <A HREF="errcodes-appendix.html" ><SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > Error Codes</A ></DT ><DT >B. <A HREF="datetime-appendix.html" >Date/Time Support</A ></DT ><DT >C. <A HREF="sql-keywords-appendix.html" ><ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > Key Words</A ></DT ><DT >D. <A HREF="features.html" >SQL Conformance</A ></DT ><DT >E. <A HREF="release.html" >Release Notes</A ></DT ><DT >F. <A HREF="contrib.html" >Additional Supplied Modules</A ></DT ><DT >G. <A HREF="contrib-prog.html" >Additional Supplied Programs</A ></DT ><DT >H. <A HREF="external-projects.html" >External Projects</A ></DT ><DT >I. <A HREF="sourcerepo.html" >The Source Code Repository</A ></DT ><DT >J. <A HREF="docguide.html" >Documentation</A ></DT ><DT >K. <A HREF="acronyms.html" >Acronyms</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT ><A HREF="biblio.html" >Bibliography</A ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="bookindex.html" >Index</A ></DT ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="preface.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Preface</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >