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><H1
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><A
NAME="CATALOG-PG-CONSTRAINT"
>45.12. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint</TT
></A
></H1
><P
> The catalog <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint</TT
> stores check, primary
key, unique, foreign key, and exclusion constraints on tables.
(Column constraints are not treated specially. Every column constraint is
equivalent to some table constraint.)
Not-null constraints are represented in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_attribute</TT
>
catalog, not here.
</P
><P
> User-defined constraint triggers (created with <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE CONSTRAINT
TRIGGER</TT
>) also give rise to an entry in this table.
</P
><P
> Check constraints on domains are stored here, too.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="AEN89911"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 45-12. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint</TT
> Columns</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>References</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Constraint name (not necessarily unique!)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>connamespace</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-namespace.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_namespace</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
> The OID of the namespace that contains this constraint
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>contype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
> = check constraint,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>f</TT
> = foreign key constraint,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>p</TT
> = primary key constraint,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u</TT
> = unique constraint,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
> = constraint trigger,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>x</TT
> = exclusion constraint
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>condeferrable</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Is the constraint deferrable?</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>condeferred</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Is the constraint deferred by default?</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>convalidated</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Has the constraint been validated?
Currently, can only be false for foreign keys and CHECK constraints</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conrelid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-class.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>The table this constraint is on; 0 if not a table constraint</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>contypid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-type.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_type</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>The domain this constraint is on; 0 if not a domain constraint</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conindid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-class.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>The index supporting this constraint, if it's a unique, primary
key, foreign key, or exclusion constraint; else 0</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confrelid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-class.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, the referenced table; else 0</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confupdtype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Foreign key update action code:
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>a</TT
> = no action,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>r</TT
> = restrict,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
> = cascade,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>n</TT
> = set null,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>d</TT
> = set default
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confdeltype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Foreign key deletion action code:
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>a</TT
> = no action,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>r</TT
> = restrict,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
> = cascade,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>n</TT
> = set null,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>d</TT
> = set default
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confmatchtype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Foreign key match type:
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>f</TT
> = full,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>p</TT
> = partial,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u</TT
> = simple (unspecified)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conislocal</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
> This constraint is defined locally for the relation. Note that a
constraint can be locally defined and inherited simultaneously.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>coninhcount</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int4</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
> The number of direct inheritance ancestors this constraint has.
A constraint with
a nonzero number of ancestors cannot be dropped nor renamed.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>connoinherit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
> This constraint is defined locally for the relation. It is a
non-inheritable constraint.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int2[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-attribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_attribute</TT
></A
>.attnum</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a table constraint (including foreign keys, but not constraint
triggers), list of the constrained columns</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confkey</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int2[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-attribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_attribute</TT
></A
>.attnum</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the referenced columns</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conpfeqop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the equality operators for PK = FK comparisons</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conppeqop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the equality operators for PK = PK comparisons</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conffeqop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the equality operators for FK = FK comparisons</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conexclop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If an exclusion constraint, list of the per-column exclusion operators</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conbin</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>pg_node_tree</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>If a check constraint, an internal representation of the expression</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>consrc</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>If a check constraint, a human-readable representation of the expression</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> In the case of an exclusion constraint, <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
For other cases, a zero appears in <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
>
and the associated index must be consulted to discover the expression
that is constrained. (<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
> thus has the
same contents as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_index</TT
>.<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>indkey</TT
> for the
index.)
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>consrc</TT
> is not updated when referenced objects
change; for example, it won't track renaming of columns. Rather than
relying on this field, it's best to use <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_get_constraintdef()</CODE
>
to extract the definition of a check constraint.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_class.relchecks</TT
> needs to agree with the
number of check-constraint entries found in this table for each
relation.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
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