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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-fetch(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-fetch -
Download objects and refs from another repository
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git fetch</em> [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>…]]
<em>git fetch</em> [<options>] <group>
<em>git fetch</em> --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)…]
<em>git fetch</em> --all [<options>]</pre>
<div class="attribution">
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories,
along with the objects necessary to complete them.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
in <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code>. This information is left for a later merge
operation done by <em>git merge</em>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When <refspec> stores the fetched result in remote-tracking branches,
the tags that point at these branches are automatically
followed. This is done by first fetching from the remote using
the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are
pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch
those missing tags. If the other end has tags that point at
branches you are not interested in, you will not get them.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git fetch</em> can fetch from either a single named repository,
or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and
there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file.
(See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--all
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Fetch all remotes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-a
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--append
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
existing contents of <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code>. Without this
option old data in <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code> will be overwritten.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--depth=<depth>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Deepen or shorten the history of a <em>shallow</em> repository created by
<code>git clone</code> with <code>--depth=<depth></code> option (see <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>)
to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote
branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--unshallow
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Convert a shallow repository to a complete one, removing all
the limitations imposed by shallow repositories.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dry-run
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show what would be done, without making any changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-f
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--force
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When <em>git fetch</em> is used with <code><rbranch>:<lbranch></code>
refspec, it refuses to update the local branch
<code><lbranch></code> unless the remote branch <code><rbranch></code> it
fetches is a descendant of <code><lbranch></code>. This option
overrides that check.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-k
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--keep
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Keep downloaded pack.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--multiple
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be
specified. No <refspec>s may be specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-p
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--prune
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
After fetching, remove any remote-tracking branches which
no longer exist on the remote.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-n
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-tags
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
This option disables this automatic tag following. The default
behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagopt
setting. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-t
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--tags
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is a short-hand for giving "refs/tags/<strong>:refs/tags/</strong>"
refspec from the command line, to ask all tags to be fetched
and stored locally. Because this acts as an explicit
refspec, the default refspecs (configured with the
remote.$name.fetch variable) are overridden and not used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
populated submodules should be fetched too. It can be used as a
boolean option to completely disable recursion when set to <em>no</em> or to
unconditionally recurse into all populated submodules when set to
<em>yes</em>, which is the default when this option is used without any
value. Use <em>on-demand</em> to only recurse into a populated submodule
when the superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule’s
reference to a commit that isn’t already in the local submodule
clone.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-recurse-submodules
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
using the <em>--recurse-submodules=no</em> option).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--submodule-prefix=<path>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
such as "Fetching submodule foo". This option is used
internally when recursing over submodules.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--recurse-submodules-default=[yes|on-demand]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This option is used internally to temporarily provide a
non-negative default value for the --recurse-submodules
option. All other methods of configuring fetch’s submodule
recursion (such as settings in <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a> and
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>) override this option, as does
specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-u
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--update-head-ok
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
By default <em>git fetch</em> refuses to update the head which
corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the
check. This is purely for the internal use for <em>git pull</em>
to communicate with <em>git fetch</em>, and unless you are
implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
use it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--upload-pack <upload-pack>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
by <em>git fetch-pack</em>, <em>--exec=<upload-pack></em> is passed to
the command to specify non-default path for the command
run on the other end.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-q
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--quiet
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally
used git commands. Progress is not reported to the standard error
stream.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-v
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--verbose
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Be verbose.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--progress
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<repository>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
or pull operation. This parameter can be either a URL
(see the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below) or the name
of a remote (see the section <a href="#REMOTES">REMOTES</a> below).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<group>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
of remotes.<group> in the configuration file.
(See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<refspec>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
<code>+</code>, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
by a colon <code>:</code>, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The remote ref that matches <src>
is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local
ref that matches it is fast-forwarded using <src>.
If the optional plus <code>+</code> is used, the local ref
is updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward
update.</p></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
It is under these conditions that you would want to use
the <code>+</code> sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
be needed. There is currently no easy way to determine
or declare that a branch will be made available in a
repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">You never do your own development on branches that appear
on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on <code>Pull:</code> lines;
they are to be updated by <em>git fetch</em>. If you intend to do
development derived from a remote branch <code>B</code>, have a <code>Pull:</code>
line to track it (i.e. <code>Pull: B:remote-B</code>), and have a separate
branch <code>my-B</code> to do your development on top of it. The latter
is created by <code>git branch my-B remote-B</code> (or its equivalent <code>git
checkout -b my-B remote-B</code>). Run <code>git fetch</code> to keep track of
the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
<code>git pull . remote-B</code>, while you are on <code>my-B</code> branch.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
directly on <em>git pull</em> command line and having multiple
<code>Pull:</code> <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running
<em>git pull</em> command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always
merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words,
if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
an Octopus. While <em>git pull</em> run without any explicit <refspec>
parameter takes default <refspec>s from <code>Pull:</code> lines, it
merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch,
after fetching all the remote refs. This is because making an
Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
is often useful.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Some short-cut notations are also supported.</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<code>tag <tag></code> means the same as <code>refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag></code>;
it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
<ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git_urls_a_id_urls_a">GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
absent.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching
and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use
them).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following syntaxes may be used with them:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
git://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
http[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
ftp[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
[user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
git://host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
[user@]host.xz:/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
syntaxes may be used:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="file:///path/to/repo.git/">file:///path/to/repo.git/</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for
details.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one
exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
may be used:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<transport>::<address>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
invoked. See <a href="gitremote-helpers.html">gitremote-helpers(1)</a> for details.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
configuration section of the form:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> [url "<actual url base>"]
insteadOf = <other url base></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
insteadOf = work:</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
configuration section of the form:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> [url "<actual url base>"]
pushInsteadOf = <other url base></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> [url "ssh://example.org/"]
pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
use the original URL.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_remotes_a_id_remotes_a">REMOTES<a id="REMOTES"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The name of one of the following can be used instead
of a URL as <code><repository></code> argument:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>,
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code> directory, or
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> directory.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_named_remote_in_configuration_file">Named remote in configuration file</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
configured using <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>, <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>
or even by a manual edit to the <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> file. The URL of
this remote will be used to access the repository. The refspec
of this remote will be used by default when you do
not provide a refspec on the command line. The entry in the
config file would appear like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> [remote "<name>"]
url = <url>
pushurl = <pushurl>
push = <refspec>
fetch = <refspec></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code><pushurl></code> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
to <code><url></code>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_named_file_in_code_git_dir_remotes_code">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a
file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code>. The URL
in this file will be used to access the repository. The refspec
in this file will be used as default when you do not
provide a refspec on the command line. This file should have the
following format:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> URL: one of the above URL format
Push: <refspec>
Pull: <refspec></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>Push:</code> lines are used by <em>git push</em> and
<code>Pull:</code> lines are used by <em>git pull</em> and <em>git fetch</em>.
Multiple <code>Push:</code> and <code>Pull:</code> lines may
be specified for additional branch mappings.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_named_file_in_code_git_dir_branches_code">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a
file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code>.
The URL in this file will be used to access the repository.
This file should have the following format:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> <url>#<head></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code><url></code> is required; <code>#<head></code> is optional.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
refspecs, if you don’t provide one on the command line.
<code><branch></code> is the name of this file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> and
<code><head></code> defaults to <code>master</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>git fetch uses:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>git push uses:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code> HEAD:refs/heads/<head></code></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Update the remote-tracking branches:
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git fetch origin</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The above command copies all branches from the remote refs/heads/
namespace and stores them to the local refs/remotes/origin/ namespace,
unless the branch.<name>.fetch option is used to specify a non-default
refspec.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Using refspecs explicitly:
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches <code>pu</code> and <code>tmp</code> in
the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
<code>pu</code> and <code>maint</code> from the remote repository.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>pu</code> branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward,
because it is prefixed with a plus sign; <code>tmp</code> will not be.</p></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_bugs">BUGS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
version.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a></p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2013-06-10 20:01:55 UTC
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