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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Server Programming" HREF="server-programming.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Installing Procedural Languages" HREF="xplang-install.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Overview" HREF="plpgsql-overview.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="CHAPTER" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Installing Procedural Languages" HREF="xplang-install.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="server-programming.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Overview" HREF="plpgsql-overview.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="CHAPTER" ><H1 ><A NAME="PLPGSQL" ></A >Chapter 39. <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN > - <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > Procedural Language</H1 ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >39.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-overview.html" >Overview</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.1.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-overview.html#PLPGSQL-ADVANTAGES" >Advantages of Using <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >39.1.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-overview.html#PLPGSQL-ARGS-RESULTS" >Supported Argument and Result Data Types</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >39.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-structure.html" >Structure of <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >39.3. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html" >Declarations</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.3.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-PARAMETERS" >Declaring Function Parameters</A ></DT ><DT >39.3.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-ALIAS" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALIAS</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >39.3.3. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-TYPE" >Copying Types</A ></DT ><DT >39.3.4. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-ROWTYPES" >Row Types</A ></DT ><DT >39.3.5. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-RECORDS" >Record Types</A ></DT ><DT >39.3.6. <A HREF="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-COLLATION" >Collation of <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN > Variables</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >39.4. <A HREF="plpgsql-expressions.html" >Expressions</A ></DT ><DT >39.5. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html" >Basic Statements</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.5.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-ASSIGNMENT" >Assignment</A ></DT ><DT >39.5.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-SQL-NORESULT" >Executing a Command With No Result</A ></DT ><DT >39.5.3. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-SQL-ONEROW" >Executing a Query with a Single-row Result</A ></DT ><DT >39.5.4. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN" >Executing Dynamic Commands</A ></DT ><DT >39.5.5. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-DIAGNOSTICS" >Obtaining the Result Status</A ></DT ><DT >39.5.6. <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-NULL" >Doing Nothing At All</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >39.6. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html" >Control Structures</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.6.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-RETURNING" >Returning From a Function</A ></DT ><DT >39.6.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-CONDITIONALS" >Conditionals</A ></DT ><DT >39.6.3. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-CONTROL-STRUCTURES-LOOPS" >Simple Loops</A ></DT ><DT >39.6.4. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-RECORDS-ITERATING" >Looping Through Query Results</A ></DT ><DT >39.6.5. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-FOREACH-ARRAY" >Looping Through Arrays</A ></DT ><DT >39.6.6. <A HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING" >Trapping Errors</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >39.7. <A HREF="plpgsql-cursors.html" >Cursors</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.7.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-cursors.html#PLPGSQL-CURSOR-DECLARATIONS" >Declaring Cursor Variables</A ></DT ><DT >39.7.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-cursors.html#PLPGSQL-CURSOR-OPENING" >Opening Cursors</A ></DT ><DT >39.7.3. <A HREF="plpgsql-cursors.html#PLPGSQL-CURSOR-USING" >Using Cursors</A ></DT ><DT >39.7.4. <A HREF="plpgsql-cursors.html#PLPGSQL-CURSOR-FOR-LOOP" >Looping Through a Cursor's Result</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >39.8. <A HREF="plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html" >Errors and Messages</A ></DT ><DT >39.9. <A HREF="plpgsql-trigger.html" >Trigger Procedures</A ></DT ><DT >39.10. <A HREF="plpgsql-implementation.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN > Under the Hood</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.10.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-implementation.html#PLPGSQL-VAR-SUBST" >Variable Substitution</A ></DT ><DT >39.10.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-implementation.html#PLPGSQL-PLAN-CACHING" >Plan Caching</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >39.11. <A HREF="plpgsql-development-tips.html" >Tips for Developing in <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/pgSQL</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >39.12. <A HREF="plpgsql-porting.html" >Porting from <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >Oracle</SPAN > PL/SQL</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >39.12.1. <A HREF="plpgsql-porting.html#AEN58182" >Porting Examples</A ></DT ><DT >39.12.2. <A HREF="plpgsql-porting.html#PLPGSQL-PORTING-OTHER" >Other Things to Watch For</A ></DT ><DT >39.12.3. <A HREF="plpgsql-porting.html#PLPGSQL-PORTING-APPENDIX" >Appendix</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="xplang-install.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="plpgsql-overview.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Installing Procedural Languages</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="server-programming.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Overview</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >