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Intel Broadwell-EP/EX (BDX-ML B/M/R0, family 6, model 79, stepping 1) has issues
with microcode update that may lead to a system hang; while some changes
to the Linux kernel have been made in an attempt to address these issues,
they were not eliminated, so a possibility of unstable system behaviour
after a microcode update performed on a running system is still present even
on a kernels that contain aforementioned changes. As a result, microcode update
for this CPU model has been disabled by default.
For the reference, kernel versions for the respective RHEL minor versions
that contain the aforementioned changes, are listed below:
* Upstream/RHEL 8: kernel-4.17.0 or newer;
* RHEL 7.6 onwards: kernel-3.10.0-894 or newer;
* RHEL 7.5.z: kernel-3.10.0-862.6.1 or newer;
* RHEL 7.4.z: kernel-3.10.0-693.35.1 or newer;
* RHEL 7.3.z: kernel-3.10.0-514.52.1 or newer;
* RHEL 7.2.z: kernel-3.10.0-327.70.1 or newer.
Please contact you system vendor for a BIOS/firmware update that contains
the latest microcode version. For the information regarding microcode versions
required for mitigating specific side-channel cache attacks, please refer
to the following knowledge base articles:
* CVE-2017-5715 ("Spectre"):
https://access.redhat.com/articles/3436091
* CVE-2018-3639 ("Speculative Store Bypass"):
https://access.redhat.com/articles/3540901
* CVE-2018-3620, CVE-2018-3646 ("L1 Terminal Fault Attack"):
https://access.redhat.com/articles/3562741
* CVE-2018-12130, CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12127, and CVE-2019-11091
("Microarchitectural Data Sampling"):
https://access.redhat.com/articles/4138151
* CVE-2020-24489 (VT-d-related Privilege Escalation),
CVE-2020-24511 (Improper Isolation of Shared Resources),
CVE-2020-24512 (Observable Timing Discrepancy),
CVE-2020-24513 (Information Disclosure on Some Intel Atom Processors):
https://access.redhat.com/articles/6101171
The information regarding enforcing microcode load is provided below.
For enforcing addition of this microcode to the firmware directory
for a specific kernel, where it is available for a late microcode update,
please create a file "force-late-intel-06-4f-01" inside
/lib/firmware/<kernel_version> directory and run
"/usr/libexec/microcode_ctl/update_ucode":
touch /lib/firmware/3.10.0-862.9.1/force-late-intel-06-4f-01
/usr/libexec/microcode_ctl/update_ucode
After that, it is possible to perform a late microcode update by executing
"/usr/libexec/microcode_ctl/reload_microcode" or by writing value "1" to
"/sys/devices/system/cpu/microcode/reload" directly.
For enforcing addition of this microcode to firmware directories for all
kernels, please create a file
"/etc/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/force-late-intel-06-4f-01"
and run "/usr/libexec/microcode_ctl/update_ucode":
mkdir -p /etc/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats
touch /etc/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/force-late-intel-06-4f-01
/usr/libexec/microcode_ctl/update_ucode
For enforcing early load of this microcode for a specific kernel, please
create a file "force-early-intel-06-4f-01" inside
"/lib/firmware/<kernel_version>" directory and run
"dracut -f --kver <kernel_version>":
touch /lib/firmware/3.10.0-862.9.1/force-early-intel-06-4f-01
dracut -f --kver 3.10.0-862.9.1
For enforcing early load of this microcode for all kernels, please
create a file "/etc/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/force-early-intel-06-4f-01"
and run dracut -f --regenerate-all:
mkdir -p /etc/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats
touch /etc/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/force-early-intel-06-4f-01
dracut -f --regenerate-all
If you want to avoid removal of the microcode file during cleanup performed by
/usr/libexec/microcode_ctl/update_ucode, please remove the corresponding readme
file (/lib/firmware/<kernel_version>/readme-intel-06-4f-01).
Please refer to /usr/share/doc/microcode_ctl/README.caveats for additional
information.