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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING"
>18.8. Error Reporting and Logging</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE"
>18.8.1. Where To Log</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-DESTINATION"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_destination</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> supports several methods
for logging server messages, including
<SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>stderr</SPAN
>, <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>csvlog</SPAN
> and
<SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>syslog</SPAN
>. On Windows,
<SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>eventlog</SPAN
> is also supported. Set this
parameter to a list of desired log destinations separated by
commas. The default is to log to <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>stderr</SPAN
>
only.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
><P
> If <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>csvlog</SPAN
> is included in <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_destination</TT
>,
log entries are output in <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"comma separated
value"</SPAN
> (<ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>CSV</ACRONYM
>) format, which is convenient for
loading logs into programs.
See <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-CSVLOG"
>Section 18.8.4</A
> for details.
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOGGING-COLLECTOR"
>logging_collector</A
> must be enabled to generate
CSV-format log output.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> On most Unix systems, you will need to alter the configuration of
your system's <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> daemon in order
to make use of the <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>syslog</SPAN
> option for
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_destination</TT
>. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>
can log to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> facilities
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL0</TT
> through <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL7</TT
> (see <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-SYSLOG-FACILITY"
>syslog_facility</A
>), but the default
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> configuration on most platforms
will discard all such messages. You will need to add something like:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>local0.* /var/log/postgresql</PRE
><P>
to the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> daemon's configuration file
to make it work.
</P
><P
> On Windows, when you use the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>eventlog</TT
>
option for <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_destination</TT
>, you should
register an event source and its library with the operating
system so that the Windows Event Viewer can display event
log messages cleanly.
See <A
HREF="event-log-registration.html"
>Section 17.11</A
> for details.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOGGING-COLLECTOR"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> This parameter enables the <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>logging collector</I
>, which
is a background process that captures log messages
sent to <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>stderr</SPAN
> and redirects them into log files.
This approach is often more useful than
logging to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
>, since some types of messages
might not appear in <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> output. (One common
example is dynamic-linker failure messages; another is error messages
produced by scripts such as <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>archive_command</TT
>.)
This parameter can only be set at server start.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> It is possible to log to <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>stderr</SPAN
> without using the
logging collector; the log messages will just go to wherever the
server's <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>stderr</SPAN
> is directed. However, that method is
only suitable for low log volumes, since it provides no convenient
way to rotate log files. Also, on some platforms not using the
logging collector can result in lost or garbled log output, because
multiple processes writing concurrently to the same log file can
overwrite each other's output.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The logging collector is designed to never lose messages. This means
that in case of extremely high load, server processes could be
blocked while trying to send additional log messages when the
collector has fallen behind. In contrast, <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
>
prefers to drop messages if it cannot write them, which means it
may fail to log some messages in such cases but it will not block
the rest of the system.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-DIRECTORY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_directory</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> is enabled,
this parameter determines the directory in which log files will be created.
It can be specified as an absolute path, or relative to the
cluster data directory.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_log</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-FILENAME"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> is enabled,
this parameter sets the file names of the created log files. The value
is treated as a <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>strftime</SPAN
> pattern,
so <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%</TT
>-escapes can be used to specify time-varying
file names. (Note that if there are
any time-zone-dependent <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%</TT
>-escapes, the computation
is done in the zone specified
by <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-TIMEZONE"
>log_timezone</A
>.)
The supported <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%</TT
>-escapes are similar to those
listed in the Open Group's <A
HREF="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/strftime.html"
TARGET="_top"
>strftime
</A
> specification.
Note that the system's <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>strftime</SPAN
> is not used
directly, so platform-specific (nonstandard) extensions do not work.
The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log</TT
>.
</P
><P
> If you specify a file name without escapes, you should plan to
use a log rotation utility to avoid eventually filling the
entire disk. In releases prior to 8.4, if
no <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%</TT
> escapes were
present, <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> would append
the epoch of the new log file's creation time, but this is no
longer the case.
</P
><P
> If CSV-format output is enabled in <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_destination</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>.csv</TT
> will be appended to the timestamped
log file name to create the file name for CSV-format output.
(If <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> ends in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>.log</TT
>, the suffix is
replaced instead.)
</P
><P
> This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-FILE-MODE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_file_mode</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> On Unix systems this parameter sets the permissions for log files
when <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> is enabled. (On Microsoft
Windows this parameter is ignored.)
The parameter value is expected to be a numeric mode
specified in the format accepted by the
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chmod</CODE
> and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>umask</CODE
>
system calls. (To use the customary octal format the number
must start with a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0</TT
> (zero).)
</P
><P
> The default permissions are <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0600</TT
>, meaning only the
server owner can read or write the log files. The other commonly
useful setting is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0640</TT
>, allowing members of the owner's
group to read the files. Note however that to make use of such a
setting, you'll need to alter <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-DIRECTORY"
>log_directory</A
> to
store the files somewhere outside the cluster data directory. In
any case, it's unwise to make the log files world-readable, since
they might contain sensitive data.
</P
><P
> This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-ROTATION-AGE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_age</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> is enabled,
this parameter determines the maximum lifetime of an individual log file.
After this many minutes have elapsed, a new log file will
be created. Set to zero to disable time-based creation of
new log files.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-ROTATION-SIZE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_size</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> is enabled,
this parameter determines the maximum size of an individual log file.
After this many kilobytes have been emitted into a log file,
a new log file will be created. Set to zero to disable size-based
creation of new log files.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-TRUNCATE-ON-ROTATION"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_truncate_on_rotation</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>logging_collector</TT
> is enabled,
this parameter will cause <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> to truncate (overwrite),
rather than append to, any existing log file of the same name.
However, truncation will occur only when a new file is being opened
due to time-based rotation, not during server startup or size-based
rotation. When off, pre-existing files will be appended to in
all cases. For example, using this setting in combination with
a <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> like <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>postgresql-%H.log</TT
>
would result in generating twenty-four hourly log files and then
cyclically overwriting them.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
><P
> Example: To keep 7 days of logs, one log file per day named
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>server_log.Mon</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>server_log.Tue</TT
>,
etc, and automatically overwrite last week's log with this week's log,
set <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>server_log.%a</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_truncate_on_rotation</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_age</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1440</TT
>.
</P
><P
> Example: To keep 24 hours of logs, one log file per hour, but
also rotate sooner if the log file size exceeds 1GB, set
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>server_log.%H%M</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_truncate_on_rotation</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_age</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>60</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_size</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1000000</TT
>.
Including <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%M</TT
> in <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> allows
any size-driven rotations that might occur to select a file name
different from the hour's initial file name.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-SYSLOG-FACILITY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>syslog_facility</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When logging to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> is enabled, this parameter
determines the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
>
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"facility"</SPAN
> to be used. You can choose
from <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL0</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL1</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL2</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL3</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL4</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL5</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL6</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL7</TT
>;
the default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOCAL0</TT
>. See also the
documentation of your system's
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> daemon.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-SYSLOG-IDENT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>syslog_ident</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When logging to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> is enabled, this parameter
determines the program name used to identify
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> messages in
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
> logs. The default is
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>postgres</TT
>.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-EVENT-SOURCE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>event_source</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When logging to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>event log</SPAN
> is enabled, this parameter
determines the program name used to identify
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> messages in
the log. The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PostgreSQL</TT
>.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN"
>18.8.2. When To Log</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-CLIENT-MIN-MESSAGES"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>client_min_messages</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls which message levels are sent to the client.
Valid values are <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG5</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG4</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG3</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG2</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG1</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FATAL</TT
>,
and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PANIC</TT
>. Each level
includes all the levels that follow it. The later the level,
the fewer messages are sent. The default is
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
>. Note that <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
> has a different
rank here than in <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_messages</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-MIN-MESSAGES"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_messages</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls which message levels are written to the server log.
Valid values are <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG5</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG4</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG3</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG2</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG1</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFO</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FATAL</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PANIC</TT
>. Each level includes all the levels that
follow it. The later the level, the fewer messages are sent
to the log. The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
>. Note that
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
> has a different rank here than in
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>client_min_messages</TT
>.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-MIN-ERROR-STATEMENT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_error_statement</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls which SQL statements that cause an error
condition are recorded in the server log. The current
SQL statement is included in the log entry for any message of
the specified severity or higher.
Valid values are <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG5</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG4</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG3</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG2</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG1</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFO</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FATAL</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PANIC</TT
>.
The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
>, which means statements
causing errors, log messages, fatal errors, or panics will be logged.
To effectively turn off logging of failing statements,
set this parameter to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PANIC</TT
>.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-MIN-DURATION-STATEMENT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_duration_statement</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Causes the duration of each completed statement to be logged
if the statement ran for at least the specified number of
milliseconds. Setting this to zero prints all statement durations.
Minus-one (the default) disables logging statement durations.
For example, if you set it to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>250ms</TT
>
then all SQL statements that run 250ms or longer will be
logged. Enabling this parameter can be helpful in tracking down
unoptimized queries in your applications.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
><P
> For clients using extended query protocol, durations of the Parse,
Bind, and Execute steps are logged independently.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> When using this option together with
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-STATEMENT"
>log_statement</A
>,
the text of statements that are logged because of
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_statement</TT
> will not be repeated in the
duration log message.
If you are not using <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
>, it is recommended
that you log the PID or session ID using
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-LINE-PREFIX"
>log_line_prefix</A
>
so that you can link the statement message to the later
duration message using the process ID or session ID.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-SEVERITY-LEVELS"
>Table 18-1</A
> explains the message
severity levels used by <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>. If logging output
is sent to <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>syslog</SPAN
> or Windows'
<SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>eventlog</SPAN
>, the severity levels are translated
as shown in the table.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-SEVERITY-LEVELS"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 18-1. Message Severity Levels</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Severity</TH
><TH
>Usage</TH
><TH
><SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>syslog</SPAN
></TH
><TH
><SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>eventlog</SPAN
></TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG1..DEBUG5</TT
></TD
><TD
>Provides successively-more-detailed information for use by
developers.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFORMATION</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFO</TT
></TD
><TD
>Provides information implicitly requested by the user,
e.g., output from <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>VACUUM VERBOSE</TT
>.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFO</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFORMATION</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
></TD
><TD
>Provides information that might be helpful to users, e.g.,
notice of truncation of long identifiers.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFORMATION</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
></TD
><TD
>Provides warnings of likely problems, e.g., <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COMMIT</TT
>
outside a transaction block.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NOTICE</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
></TD
><TD
>Reports an error that caused the current command to
abort.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WARNING</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
></TD
><TD
>Reports information of interest to administrators, e.g.,
checkpoint activity.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFO</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFORMATION</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FATAL</TT
></TD
><TD
>Reports an error that caused the current session to
abort.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERR</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PANIC</TT
></TD
><TD
>Reports an error that caused all database sessions to abort.</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CRIT</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT"
>18.8.3. What To Log</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-APPLICATION-NAME"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>application_name</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>application_name</TT
> can be any string of less than
<TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NAMEDATALEN</TT
> characters (64 characters in a standard build).
It is typically set by an application upon connection to the server.
The name will be displayed in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
> view
and included in CSV log entries. It can also be included in regular
log entries via the <A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-LINE-PREFIX"
>log_line_prefix</A
> parameter.
Only printable ASCII characters may be used in the
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>application_name</TT
> value. Other characters will be
replaced with question marks (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>?</TT
>).
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_print_parse</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)<BR><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_print_rewritten</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)<BR><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_print_plan</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> These parameters enable various debugging output to be emitted.
When set, they print the resulting parse tree, the query rewriter
output, or the execution plan for each executed query.
These messages are emitted at <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LOG</TT
> message level, so by
default they will appear in the server log but will not be sent to the
client. You can change that by adjusting
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-CLIENT-MIN-MESSAGES"
>client_min_messages</A
> and/or
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-MIN-MESSAGES"
>log_min_messages</A
>.
These parameters are off by default.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_pretty_print</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> When set, <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_pretty_print</TT
> indents the messages
produced by <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_print_parse</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_print_rewritten</TT
>, or
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>debug_print_plan</TT
>. This results in more readable
but much longer output than the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"compact"</SPAN
> format used when
it is off. It is on by default.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-CHECKPOINTS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_checkpoints</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Causes checkpoints and restartpoints to be logged in the server log.
Some statistics are included in the log messages, including the number
of buffers written and the time spent writing them.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line. The default is off.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-CONNECTIONS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_connections</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Causes each attempted connection to the server to be logged,
as well as successful completion of client authentication.
This parameter cannot be changed after session start.
The default is off.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> Some client programs, like <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>, attempt
to connect twice while determining if a password is required, so
duplicate <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"connection received"</SPAN
> messages do not
necessarily indicate a problem.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-DISCONNECTIONS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_disconnections</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> This outputs a line in the server log similar to
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_connections</TT
> but at session termination,
and includes the duration of the session. This is off by
default.
This parameter cannot be changed after session start.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-DURATION"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_duration</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Causes the duration of every completed statement to be logged.
The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>off</TT
>.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
><P
> For clients using extended query protocol, durations of the Parse,
Bind, and Execute steps are logged independently.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> The difference between setting this option and setting
<A
HREF="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-MIN-DURATION-STATEMENT"
>log_min_duration_statement</A
> to zero is that
exceeding <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_duration_statement</TT
> forces the text of
the query to be logged, but this option doesn't. Thus, if
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_duration</TT
> is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_duration_statement</TT
> has a positive value, all
durations are logged but the query text is included only for
statements exceeding the threshold. This behavior can be useful for
gathering statistics in high-load installations.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-ERROR-VERBOSITY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_error_verbosity</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls the amount of detail written in the server log for each
message that is logged. Valid values are <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>TERSE</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEFAULT</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>VERBOSE</TT
>, each adding more
fields to displayed messages. <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>TERSE</TT
> excludes
the logging of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DETAIL</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>HINT</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>QUERY</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CONTEXT</TT
> error information.
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>VERBOSE</TT
> output includes the <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>SQLSTATE</TT
> error
code (see also <A
HREF="errcodes-appendix.html"
>Appendix A</A
>) and the source code file name, function name,
and line number that generated the error.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-HOSTNAME"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_hostname</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> By default, connection log messages only show the IP address of the
connecting host. Turning this parameter on causes logging of the
host name as well. Note that depending on your host name resolution
setup this might impose a non-negligible performance penalty.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-LINE-PREFIX"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_line_prefix</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> This is a <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>printf</CODE
>-style string that is output at the
beginning of each log line.
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%</TT
> characters begin <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"escape sequences"</SPAN
>
that are replaced with status information as outlined below.
Unrecognized escapes are ignored. Other
characters are copied straight to the log line. Some escapes are
only recognized by session processes, and are ignored by
background processes such as the main server process.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line. The default is an empty string.
<DIV
CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN29710"
></A
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Escape</TH
><TH
>Effect</TH
><TH
>Session only</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%a</TT
></TD
><TD
>Application name</TD
><TD
>yes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%u</TT
></TD
><TD
>User name</TD
><TD
>yes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%d</TT
></TD
><TD
>Database name</TD
><TD
>yes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%r</TT
></TD
><TD
>Remote host name or IP address, and remote port</TD
><TD
>yes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%h</TT
></TD
><TD
>Remote host name or IP address</TD
><TD
>yes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%p</TT
></TD
><TD
>Process ID</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%t</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time stamp without milliseconds</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%m</TT
></TD
><TD
>Time stamp with milliseconds</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%i</TT
></TD
><TD
>Command tag: type of session's current command</TD
><TD
>yes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%e</TT
></TD
><TD
>SQLSTATE error code</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%c</TT
></TD
><TD
>Session ID: see below</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%l</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of the log line for each session or process, starting at 1</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%s</TT
></TD
><TD
>Process start time stamp</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%v</TT
></TD
><TD
>Virtual transaction ID (backendID/localXID)</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%x</TT
></TD
><TD
>Transaction ID (0 if none is assigned)</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%q</TT
></TD
><TD
>Produces no output, but tells non-session
processes to stop at this point in the string; ignored by
session processes</TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%%</TT
></TD
><TD
>Literal <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%</TT
></TD
><TD
>no</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
>
The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%c</TT
> escape prints a quasi-unique session identifier,
consisting of two 4-byte hexadecimal numbers (without leading zeros)
separated by a dot. The numbers are the process start time and the
process ID, so <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>%c</TT
> can also be used as a space saving way
of printing those items. For example, to generate the session
identifier from <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_stat_activity</TT
>, use this query:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>SELECT to_hex(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM backend_start)::integer) || '.' ||
to_hex(pid)
FROM pg_stat_activity;</PRE
><P>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="TIP"
><P
><B
>Tip: </B
> If you set a nonempty value for <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_line_prefix</TT
>,
you should usually make its last character be a space, to provide
visual separation from the rest of the log line. A punctuation
character can be used too.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="TIP"
><P
><B
>Tip: </B
> <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Syslog</SPAN
> produces its own
time stamp and process ID information, so you probably do not want to
include those escapes if you are logging to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>syslog</SPAN
>.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-LOCK-WAITS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_lock_waits</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls whether a log message is produced when a session waits
longer than <A
HREF="runtime-config-locks.html#GUC-DEADLOCK-TIMEOUT"
>deadlock_timeout</A
> to acquire a
lock. This is useful in determining if lock waits are causing
poor performance. The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>off</TT
>.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-STATEMENT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_statement</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls which SQL statements are logged. Valid values are
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>none</TT
> (off), <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ddl</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mod</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>all</TT
> (all statements). <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ddl</TT
> logs all data definition
statements, such as <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DROP</TT
> statements. <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mod</TT
> logs all
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ddl</TT
> statements, plus data-modifying statements
such as <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>INSERT</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DELETE</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>TRUNCATE</TT
>,
and <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY FROM</TT
>.
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>PREPARE</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>EXECUTE</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</TT
> statements are also logged if their
contained command is of an appropriate type. For clients using
extended query protocol, logging occurs when an Execute message
is received, and values of the Bind parameters are included
(with any embedded single-quote marks doubled).
</P
><P
> The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>none</TT
>. Only superusers can change this
setting.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> Statements that contain simple syntax errors are not logged
even by the <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_statement</TT
> = <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>all</TT
> setting,
because the log message is emitted only after basic parsing has
been done to determine the statement type. In the case of extended
query protocol, this setting likewise does not log statements that
fail before the Execute phase (i.e., during parse analysis or
planning). Set <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_error_statement</TT
> to
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ERROR</TT
> (or lower) to log such statements.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-TEMP-FILES"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_temp_files</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Controls logging of temporary file names and sizes.
Temporary files can be
created for sorts, hashes, and temporary query results.
A log entry is made for each temporary file when it is deleted.
A value of zero logs all temporary file information, while positive
values log only files whose size is greater than or equal to
the specified number of kilobytes. The
default setting is -1, which disables such logging.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LOG-TIMEZONE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_timezone</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> Sets the time zone used for timestamps written in the server log.
Unlike <A
HREF="runtime-config-client.html#GUC-TIMEZONE"
>TimeZone</A
>, this value is cluster-wide,
so that all sessions will report timestamps consistently.
The built-in default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GMT</TT
>, but that is typically
overridden in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>; <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>initdb</SPAN
>
will install a setting there corresponding to its system environment.
See <A
HREF="datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-TIMEZONES"
>Section 8.5.3</A
> for more information.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-CSVLOG"
>18.8.4. Using CSV-Format Log Output</A
></H2
><P
> Including <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>csvlog</TT
> in the <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_destination</TT
> list
provides a convenient way to import log files into a database table.
This option emits log lines in comma-separated-values
(<ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>CSV</ACRONYM
>) format,
with these columns:
time stamp with milliseconds,
user name,
database name,
process ID,
client host:port number,
session ID,
per-session line number,
command tag,
session start time,
virtual transaction ID,
regular transaction ID,
error severity,
SQLSTATE code,
error message,
error message detail,
hint,
internal query that led to the error (if any),
character count of the error position therein,
error context,
user query that led to the error (if any and enabled by
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_min_error_statement</TT
>),
character count of the error position therein,
location of the error in the PostgreSQL source code
(if <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_error_verbosity</TT
> is set to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>verbose</TT
>),
and application name.
Here is a sample table definition for storing CSV-format log output:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE TABLE postgres_log
(
log_time timestamp(3) with time zone,
user_name text,
database_name text,
process_id integer,
connection_from text,
session_id text,
session_line_num bigint,
command_tag text,
session_start_time timestamp with time zone,
virtual_transaction_id text,
transaction_id bigint,
error_severity text,
sql_state_code text,
message text,
detail text,
hint text,
internal_query text,
internal_query_pos integer,
context text,
query text,
query_pos integer,
location text,
application_name text,
PRIMARY KEY (session_id, session_line_num)
);</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> To import a log file into this table, use the <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY FROM</TT
>
command:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>COPY postgres_log FROM '/full/path/to/logfile.csv' WITH csv;</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> There are a few things you need to do to simplify importing CSV log
files:
<P
></P
></P><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Set <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_filename</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_age</TT
> to provide a consistent,
predictable naming scheme for your log files. This lets you
predict what the file name will be and know when an individual log
file is complete and therefore ready to be imported.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Set <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_rotation_size</TT
> to 0 to disable
size-based log rotation, as it makes the log file name difficult
to predict.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Set <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>log_truncate_on_rotation</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
> so
that old log data isn't mixed with the new in the same file.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> The table definition above includes a primary key specification.
This is useful to protect against accidentally importing the same
information twice. The <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> command commits all of the
data it imports at one time, so any error will cause the entire
import to fail. If you import a partial log file and later import
the file again when it is complete, the primary key violation will
cause the import to fail. Wait until the log is complete and
closed before importing. This procedure will also protect against
accidentally importing a partial line that hasn't been completely
written, which would also cause <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> to fail.
</P
></LI
></OL
><P>
</P
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