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><DIV
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><H1
><A
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></A
>Chapter 42. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language</H1
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>42.1. <A
HREF="plpython-python23.html"
>Python 2 vs. Python 3</A
></DT
><DT
>42.2. <A
HREF="plpython-funcs.html"
>PL/Python Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>42.3. <A
HREF="plpython-data.html"
>Data Values</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>42.3.1. <A
HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59476"
>Data Type Mapping</A
></DT
><DT
>42.3.2. <A
HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59526"
>Null, None</A
></DT
><DT
>42.3.3. <A
HREF="plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-ARRAYS"
>Arrays, Lists</A
></DT
><DT
>42.3.4. <A
HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59544"
>Composite Types</A
></DT
><DT
>42.3.5. <A
HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59573"
>Set-returning Functions</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>42.4. <A
HREF="plpython-sharing.html"
>Sharing Data</A
></DT
><DT
>42.5. <A
HREF="plpython-do.html"
>Anonymous Code Blocks</A
></DT
><DT
>42.6. <A
HREF="plpython-trigger.html"
>Trigger Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>42.7. <A
HREF="plpython-database.html"
>Database Access</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>42.7.1. <A
HREF="plpython-database.html#AEN59710"
>Database Access Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>42.7.2. <A
HREF="plpython-database.html#PLPYTHON-TRAPPING"
>Trapping Errors</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>42.8. <A
HREF="plpython-subtransaction.html"
>Explicit Subtransactions</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>42.8.1. <A
HREF="plpython-subtransaction.html#AEN59861"
>Subtransaction Context Managers</A
></DT
><DT
>42.8.2. <A
HREF="plpython-subtransaction.html#AEN59876"
>Older Python Versions</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>42.9. <A
HREF="plpython-util.html"
>Utility Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>42.10. <A
HREF="plpython-envar.html"
>Environment Variables</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><P
> The <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>PL/Python</SPAN
> procedural language allows
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> functions to be written in the
<A
HREF="http://www.python.org"
TARGET="_top"
>Python language</A
>.
</P
><P
> To install PL/Python in a particular database, use
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CREATE EXTENSION plpythonu</TT
>, or from the shell command line use
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>createlang plpythonu <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
></TT
> (but
see also <A
HREF="plpython-python23.html"
>Section 42.1</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="TIP"
><P
><B
>Tip: </B
> If a language is installed into <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, all subsequently
created databases will have the language installed automatically.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><P
> As of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> 7.4, PL/Python is only
available as an <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"untrusted"</SPAN
> language, meaning it does not
offer any way of restricting what users can do in it. It has
therefore been renamed to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>plpythonu</TT
>. The trusted
variant <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>plpython</TT
> might become available again in future,
if a new secure execution mechanism is developed in Python. The
writer of a function in untrusted PL/Python must take care that the
function cannot be used to do anything unwanted, since it will be
able to do anything that could be done by a user logged in as the
database administrator. Only superusers can create functions in
untrusted languages such as <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>plpythonu</TT
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> Users of source packages must specially enable the build of
PL/Python during the installation process. (Refer to the
installation instructions for more information.) Users of binary
packages might find PL/Python in a separate subpackage.
</P
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