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>Conventions</A
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><P
> This book uses the following typographical conventions to mark
certain portions of text: new terms, foreign phrases, and other
important passages are emphasized in <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>italics</I
></SPAN
>.
Everything that represents input or output of the computer, in
particular commands, program code, and screen output, is shown in a
monospaced font (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>example</TT
>). Within such
passages, italics (<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>example</I
></TT
>) indicate
placeholders; you must insert an actual value instead of the placeholder.
On occasion, parts of program code are emphasized in bold face
(<SPAN
CLASS="bold"
><B
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>example</TT
></B
></SPAN
>), if they have been
added or changed since the preceding example.
</P
><P
> The following conventions are used in the synopsis of a command:
brackets (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>[</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>]</TT
>) indicate
optional parts. (In the synopsis of a Tcl command, question marks
(<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>?</TT
>) are used instead, as is usual in Tcl.) Braces
(<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>}</TT
>) and vertical lines
(<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>|</TT
>) indicate that you must choose one
alternative. Dots (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>...</TT
>) mean that the preceding element
can be repeated.
</P
><P
> Where it enhances the clarity, SQL commands are preceded by the
prompt <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>=></TT
>, and shell commands are preceded by the
prompt <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>$</TT
>. Normally, prompts are not shown, though.
</P
><P
> An <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>administrator</I
> is generally a person who is
in charge of installing and running the server. A <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>user</I
>
could be anyone who is using, or wants to use, any part of the
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> system. These terms should not
be interpreted too narrowly; this book does not have fixed
presumptions about system administration procedures.
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