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><A
NAME="MANAGE-AG-TEMPLATEDBS"
>21.3. Template Databases</A
></H1
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> actually works by copying an existing
database. By default, it copies the standard system database named
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>. Thus that
database is the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"template"</SPAN
> from which new databases are
made. If you add objects to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, these objects
will be copied into subsequently created user databases. This
behavior allows site-local modifications to the standard set of
objects in databases. For example, if you install the procedural
language <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>PL/Perl</SPAN
> in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, it will
automatically be available in user databases without any extra
action being taken when those databases are created.
</P
><P
> There is a second standard system database named
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>. This
database contains the same data as the initial contents of
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, that is, only the standard objects
predefined by your version of
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>. <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>
should never be changed after the database cluster has been
initialized. By instructing
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> to copy <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> instead
of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, you can create a <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"virgin"</SPAN
> user
database that contains none of the site-local additions in
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>. This is particularly handy when restoring a
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_dump</TT
> dump: the dump script should be restored in a
virgin database to ensure that one recreates the correct contents
of the dumped database, without conflicting with objects that
might have been added to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> later on.
</P
><P
> Another common reason for copying <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> instead
of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> is that new encoding and locale settings
can be specified when copying <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>, whereas a copy
of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> must use the same settings it does.
This is because <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> might contain encoding-specific
or locale-specific data, while <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> is known not to.
</P
><P
> To create a database by copying <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>, use:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE DATABASE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
> TEMPLATE template0;</PRE
><P>
from the SQL environment, or:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>createdb -T template0 <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
></PRE
><P>
from the shell.
</P
><P
> It is possible to create additional template databases, and indeed
one can copy any database in a cluster by specifying its name
as the template for <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
>. It is important to
understand, however, that this is not (yet) intended as
a general-purpose <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY DATABASE</TT
>"</SPAN
> facility.
The principal limitation is that no other sessions can be connected to
the source database while it is being copied. <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE
DATABASE</TT
> will fail if any other connection exists when it starts;
during the copy operation, new connections to the source database
are prevented.
</P
><P
> Two useful flags exist in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_database</TT
> for each
database: the columns <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datistemplate</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datallowconn</TT
>. <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datistemplate</TT
>
can be set to indicate that a database is intended as a template for
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
>. If this flag is set, the database can be
cloned by any user with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CREATEDB</TT
> privileges; if it is not set,
only superusers and the owner of the database can clone it.
If <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datallowconn</TT
> is false, then no new connections
to that database will be allowed (but existing sessions are not terminated
simply by setting the flag false). The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>
database is normally marked <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datallowconn = false</TT
> to prevent its modification.
Both <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>
should always be marked with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datistemplate = true</TT
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> do not have any special
status beyond the fact that the name <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> is the default
source database name for <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
>.
For example, one could drop <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> and recreate it from
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> without any ill effects. This course of action
might be advisable if one has carelessly added a bunch of junk in
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>. (To delete <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>,
it must have <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_database.datistemplate = false</TT
>.)
</P
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>postgres</TT
> database is also created when a database
cluster is initialized. This database is meant as a default database for
users and applications to connect to. It is simply a copy of
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> and can be dropped and recreated if necessary.
</P
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