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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS"
>31.13. Event System</A
></H1
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
>'s event system is designed to notify
registered event handlers about interesting
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> events, such as the creation or
destruction of <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGresult</TT
> objects. A principal use case is that
this allows applications to associate their own data with a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGresult</TT
>
and ensure that that data is freed at an appropriate time.
</P
><P
> Each registered event handler is associated with two pieces of data,
known to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> only as opaque <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>void *</TT
>
pointers. There is a <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>passthrough</I
> pointer that is provided
by the application when the event handler is registered with a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
>. The passthrough pointer never changes for the
life of the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> and all <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGresult</TT
>s
generated from it; so if used, it must point to long-lived data.
In addition there is an <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>instance data</I
> pointer, which starts
out <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NULL</TT
> in every <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGresult</TT
>.
This pointer can be manipulated using the
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQinstanceData</CODE
>,
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQsetInstanceData</CODE
>,
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQresultInstanceData</CODE
> and
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQsetResultInstanceData</CODE
> functions. Note that
unlike the passthrough pointer, instance data of a <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
>
is not automatically inherited by <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGresult</TT
>s created from
it. <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> does not know what passthrough
and instance data pointers point to (if anything) and will never attempt
to free them — that is the responsibility of the event handler.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-TYPES"
>31.13.1. Event Types</A
></H2
><P
> The enum <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEventId</TT
> names the types of events handled by
the event system. All its values have names beginning with
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT</TT
>. For each event type, there is a corresponding
event info structure that carries the parameters passed to the event
handlers. The event types are:
</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-REGISTER"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_REGISTER</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The register event occurs when <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQregisterEventProc</CODE
>
is called. It is the ideal time to initialize any
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
> an event procedure may need. Only one
register event will be fired per event handler per connection. If the
event procedure fails, the registration is aborted.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
} PGEventRegister;</PRE
><P>
When a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_REGISTER</TT
> event is received, the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer should be cast to a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGEventRegister *</TT
>. This structure contains a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> that should be in the
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CONNECTION_OK</TT
> status; guaranteed if one calls
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQregisterEventProc</CODE
> right after obtaining a good
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
>. When returning a failure code, all
cleanup must be performed as no <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT
>
event will be sent.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-CONNRESET"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNRESET</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The connection reset event is fired on completion of
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQreset</CODE
> or <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQresetPoll</CODE
>. In
both cases, the event is only fired if the reset was successful. If
the event procedure fails, the entire connection reset will fail; the
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> is put into
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CONNECTION_BAD</TT
> status and
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQresetPoll</CODE
> will return
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGRES_POLLING_FAILED</TT
>.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
} PGEventConnReset;</PRE
><P>
When a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNRESET</TT
> event is received, the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer should be cast to a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGEventConnReset *</TT
>. Although the contained
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> was just reset, all event data remains
unchanged. This event should be used to reset/reload/requery any
associated <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
>. Note that even if the
event procedure fails to process <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNRESET</TT
>, it will
still receive a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT
> event when the connection
is closed.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-CONNDESTROY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The connection destroy event is fired in response to
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQfinish</CODE
>. It is the event procedure's
responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no
ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead
to memory leaks.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
} PGEventConnDestroy;</PRE
><P>
When a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT
> event is received, the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer should be cast to a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGEventConnDestroy *</TT
>. This event is fired
prior to <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQfinish</CODE
> performing any other cleanup.
The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no
way of indicating a failure from <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQfinish</CODE
>. Also,
an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up
unwanted memory.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTCREATE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The result creation event is fired in response to any query execution
function that generates a result, including
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQgetResult</CODE
>. This event will only be fired after
the result has been created successfully.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>typedef struct
{
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *result;
} PGEventResultCreate;</PRE
><P>
When a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</TT
> event is received, the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer should be cast to a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGEventResultCreate *</TT
>. The
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>conn</TT
> is the connection used to generate the
result. This is the ideal place to initialize any
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
> that needs to be associated with the
result. If the event procedure fails, the result will be cleared and
the failure will be propagated. The event procedure must not try to
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQclear</CODE
> the result object for itself. When returning a
failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT
> event will be sent.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTCOPY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The result copy event is fired in response to
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQcopyResult</CODE
>. This event will only be fired after
the copy is complete. Only event procedures that have
successfully handled the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</TT
>
or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT
> event for the source result
will receive <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT
> events.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>typedef struct
{
const PGresult *src;
PGresult *dest;
} PGEventResultCopy;</PRE
><P>
When a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT
> event is received, the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer should be cast to a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGEventResultCopy *</TT
>. The
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>src</TT
> result is what was copied while the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>dest</TT
> result is the copy destination. This event
can be used to provide a deep copy of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
>,
since <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PQcopyResult</TT
> cannot do that. If the event
procedure fails, the entire copy operation will fail and the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>dest</TT
> result will be cleared. When returning a
failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT
> event will be sent for the
destination result.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTDESTROY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The result destroy event is fired in response to a
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQclear</CODE
>. It is the event procedure's
responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no
ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead
to memory leaks.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>typedef struct
{
PGresult *result;
} PGEventResultDestroy;</PRE
><P>
When a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT
> event is received, the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer should be cast to a
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGEventResultDestroy *</TT
>. This event is fired
prior to <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQclear</CODE
> performing any other cleanup.
The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no
way of indicating a failure from <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQclear</CODE
>. Also,
an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up
unwanted memory.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-PROC"
>31.13.2. Event Callback Procedure</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVENTPROC"
></A
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEventProc</TT
>
</DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEventProc</TT
> is a typedef for a pointer to an
event procedure, that is, the user callback function that receives
events from libpq. The signature of an event procedure must be
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>int eventproc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough)</PRE
><P>
The <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtId</TT
> parameter indicates which
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PGEVT</TT
> event occurred. The
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>evtInfo</TT
> pointer must be cast to the appropriate
structure type to obtain further information about the event.
The <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>passThrough</TT
> parameter is the pointer
provided to <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQregisterEventProc</CODE
> when the event
procedure was registered. The function should return a non-zero value
if it succeeds and zero if it fails.
</P
><P
> A particular event procedure can be registered only once in any
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
>. This is because the address of the procedure
is used as a lookup key to identify the associated instance data.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="CAUTION"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="CAUTION"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Caution</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> On Windows, functions can have two different addresses: one visible
from outside a DLL and another visible from inside the DLL. One
should be careful that only one of these addresses is used with
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
>'s event-procedure functions, else confusion will
result. The simplest rule for writing code that will work is to
ensure that event procedures are declared <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>static</TT
>. If the
procedure's address must be available outside its own source file,
expose a separate function to return the address.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS"
>31.13.3. Event Support Functions</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PQREGISTEREVENTPROC"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQregisterEventProc</CODE
>
</DT
><DD
><P
> Registers an event callback procedure with libpq.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>int PQregisterEventProc(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc,
const char *name, void *passThrough);</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> An event procedure must be registered once on each
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
> you want to receive events about. There is no
limit, other than memory, on the number of event procedures that
can be registered with a connection. The function returns a non-zero
value if it succeeds and zero if it fails.
</P
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
> argument will be called when a libpq
event is fired. Its memory address is also used to lookup
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
>. The <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>name</TT
>
argument is used to refer to the event procedure in error messages.
This value cannot be <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NULL</TT
> or a zero-length string. The name string is
copied into the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>PGconn</TT
>, so what is passed need not be
long-lived. The <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>passThrough</TT
> pointer is passed
to the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
> whenever an event occurs. This
argument can be <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NULL</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PQSETINSTANCEDATA"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQsetInstanceData</CODE
>
</DT
><DD
><P
> Sets the connection <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>conn</TT
>'s <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
>
for procedure <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>data</TT
>. This
returns non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is
only possible if <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
> has not been properly
registered in <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>conn</TT
>.)
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>int PQsetInstanceData(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc, void *data);</PRE
><P>
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PQINSTANCEDATA"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQinstanceData</CODE
>
</DT
><DD
><P
> Returns the
connection <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>conn</TT
>'s <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
>
associated with procedure <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
>,
or <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NULL</TT
> if there is none.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>void *PQinstanceData(const PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc);</PRE
><P>
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PQRESULTSETINSTANCEDATA"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQresultSetInstanceData</CODE
>
</DT
><DD
><P
> Sets the result's <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
>
for <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>data</TT
>. This returns
non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is only
possible if <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
> has not been properly registered
in the result.)
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>int PQresultSetInstanceData(PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc, void *data);</PRE
><P>
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-PQRESULTINSTANCEDATA"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQresultInstanceData</CODE
>
</DT
><DD
><P
> Returns the result's <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>instanceData</TT
> associated with <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>proc</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>NULL</TT
>
if there is none.
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>void *PQresultInstanceData(const PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc);</PRE
><P>
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-EXAMPLE"
>31.13.4. Event Example</A
></H2
><P
> Here is a skeleton example of managing private data associated with
libpq connections and results.
</P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>/* required header for libpq events (note: includes libpq-fe.h) */
#include <libpq-events.h>
/* The instanceData */
typedef struct
{
int n;
char *str;
} mydata;
/* PGEventProc */
static int myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough);
int
main(void)
{
mydata *data;
PGresult *res;
PGconn *conn = PQconnectdb("dbname = postgres");
if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database failed: %s",
PQerrorMessage(conn));
PQfinish(conn);
return 1;
}
/* called once on any connection that should receive events.
* Sends a PGEVT_REGISTER to myEventProc.
*/
if (!PQregisterEventProc(conn, myEventProc, "mydata_proc", NULL))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot register PGEventProc\n");
PQfinish(conn);
return 1;
}
/* conn instanceData is available */
data = PQinstanceData(conn, myEventProc);
/* Sends a PGEVT_RESULTCREATE to myEventProc */
res = PQexec(conn, "SELECT 1 + 1");
/* result instanceData is available */
data = PQresultInstanceData(res, myEventProc);
/* If PG_COPYRES_EVENTS is used, sends a PGEVT_RESULTCOPY to myEventProc */
res_copy = PQcopyResult(res, PG_COPYRES_TUPLES | PG_COPYRES_EVENTS);
/* result instanceData is available if PG_COPYRES_EVENTS was
* used during the PQcopyResult call.
*/
data = PQresultInstanceData(res_copy, myEventProc);
/* Both clears send a PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY to myEventProc */
PQclear(res);
PQclear(res_copy);
/* Sends a PGEVT_CONNDESTROY to myEventProc */
PQfinish(conn);
return 0;
}
static int
myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough)
{
switch (evtId)
{
case PGEVT_REGISTER:
{
PGEventRegister *e = (PGEventRegister *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = get_mydata(e->conn);
/* associate app specific data with connection */
PQsetInstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc, data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_CONNRESET:
{
PGEventConnReset *e = (PGEventConnReset *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);
if (data)
memset(data, 0, sizeof(mydata));
break;
}
case PGEVT_CONNDESTROY:
{
PGEventConnDestroy *e = (PGEventConnDestroy *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);
/* free instance data because the conn is being destroyed */
if (data)
free_mydata(data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_RESULTCREATE:
{
PGEventResultCreate *e = (PGEventResultCreate *)evtInfo;
mydata *conn_data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);
mydata *res_data = dup_mydata(conn_data);
/* associate app specific data with result (copy it from conn) */
PQsetResultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc, res_data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_RESULTCOPY:
{
PGEventResultCopy *e = (PGEventResultCopy *)evtInfo;
mydata *src_data = PQresultInstanceData(e->src, myEventProc);
mydata *dest_data = dup_mydata(src_data);
/* associate app specific data with result (copy it from a result) */
PQsetResultInstanceData(e->dest, myEventProc, dest_data);
break;
}
case PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY:
{
PGEventResultDestroy *e = (PGEventResultDestroy *)evtInfo;
mydata *data = PQresultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc);
/* free instance data because the result is being destroyed */
if (data)
free_mydata(data);
break;
}
/* unknown event ID, just return TRUE. */
default:
break;
}
return TRUE; /* event processing succeeded */
}</PRE
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