| Server IP : 103.119.228.120 / Your IP : 18.117.78.87 Web Server : Apache System : Linux v8.techscape8.com 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.tuxcare.els2.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 15 12:09:18 UTC 2024 x86_64 User : nobody ( 99) PHP Version : 5.6.40 Disable Function : shell_exec,symlink,system,exec,proc_get_status,proc_nice,proc_terminate,define_syslog_variables,syslog,openlog,closelog,escapeshellcmd,passthru,ocinum cols,ini_alter,leak,listen,chgrp,apache_note,apache_setenv,debugger_on,debugger_off,ftp_exec,dl,dll,myshellexec,proc_open,socket_bind,proc_close,escapeshellarg,parse_ini_filepopen,fpassthru,exec,passthru,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,proc_close,proc_open,ini_alter,popen,show_source,proc_nice,proc_terminate,proc_get_status,proc_close,pfsockopen,leak,apache_child_terminate,posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,dl,symlink,shell_exec,system,dl,passthru,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,myshellexec,c99_buff_prepare,c99_sess_put,fpassthru,getdisfunc,fx29exec,fx29exec2,is_windows,disp_freespace,fx29sh_getupdate,fx29_buff_prepare,fx29_sess_put,fx29shexit,fx29fsearch,fx29ftpbrutecheck,fx29sh_tools,fx29sh_about,milw0rm,imagez,sh_name,myshellexec,checkproxyhost,dosyayicek,c99_buff_prepare,c99_sess_put,c99getsource,c99sh_getupdate,c99fsearch,c99shexit,view_perms,posix_getpwuid,posix_getgrgid,posix_kill,parse_perms,parsesort,view_perms_color,set_encoder_input,ls_setcheckboxall,ls_reverse_all,rsg_read,rsg_glob,selfURL,dispsecinfo,unix2DosTime,addFile,system,get_users,view_size,DirFiles,DirFilesWide,DirPrintHTMLHeaders,GetFilesTotal,GetTitles,GetTimeTotal,GetMatchesCount,GetFileMatchesCount,GetResultFiles,fs_copy_dir,fs_copy_obj,fs_move_dir,fs_move_obj,fs_rmdir,SearchText,getmicrotime MySQL : ON | cURL : ON | WGET : ON | Perl : ON | Python : ON | Sudo : ON | Pkexec : ON Directory : /usr/local/ssl/local/ssl/local/ssl/share/doc/postgresql-9.2.24/html/ |
Upload File : |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>intarray</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
REV="MADE"
HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK
REL="HOME"
TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation"
HREF="index.html"><LINK
REL="UP"
TITLE="Additional Supplied Modules"
HREF="contrib.html"><LINK
REL="PREVIOUS"
TITLE="intagg"
HREF="intagg.html"><LINK
REL="NEXT"
TITLE="isn"
HREF="isn.html"><LINK
REL="STYLESHEET"
TYPE="text/css"
HREF="stylesheet.css"><META
HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"
CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META
NAME="creation"
CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="SECT1"
><DIV
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
><TABLE
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TH
COLSPAN="5"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="index.html"
>PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
><A
TITLE="intagg"
HREF="intagg.html"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="contrib.html"
ACCESSKEY="U"
>Up</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="60%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="bottom"
>Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</TD
><TD
WIDTH="20%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
><A
TITLE="isn"
HREF="isn.html"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="INTARRAY"
>F.18. intarray</A
></H1
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>intarray</TT
> module provides a number of useful functions
and operators for manipulating null-free arrays of integers.
There is also support for indexed searches using some of the operators.
</P
><P
> All of these operations will throw an error if a supplied array contains any
NULL elements.
</P
><P
> Many of these operations are only sensible for one-dimensional arrays.
Although they will accept input arrays of more dimensions, the data is
treated as though it were a linear array in storage order.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN148863"
>F.18.1. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>intarray</TT
> Functions and Operators</A
></H2
><P
> The functions provided by the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>intarray</TT
> module
are shown in <A
HREF="intarray.html#INTARRAY-FUNC-TABLE"
>Table F-10</A
>, the operators
in <A
HREF="intarray.html#INTARRAY-OP-TABLE"
>Table F-11</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="INTARRAY-FUNC-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table F-10. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>intarray</TT
> Functions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
><TH
>Example</TH
><TH
>Result</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>icount(int[])</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>number of elements in array</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>icount('{1,2,3}'::int[])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>3</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>sort(int[], text dir)</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>sort array — <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>dir</TT
> must be <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>asc</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>desc</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sort('{1,2,3}'::int[], 'desc')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{3,2,1}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>sort(int[])</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>sort in ascending order</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sort(array[11,77,44])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{11,44,77}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>sort_asc(int[])</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>sort in ascending order</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
></TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>sort_desc(int[])</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>sort in descending order</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
></TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
></TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>uniq(int[])</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>remove adjacent duplicates</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>uniq(sort('{1,2,3,2,1}'::int[]))</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{1,2,3}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>idx(int[], int item)</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>index of first element matching <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>item</TT
> (0 if none)</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>idx(array[11,22,33,22,11], 22)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>2</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>subarray(int[], int start, int len)</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>portion of array starting at position <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>start</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>len</TT
> elements</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>subarray('{1,2,3,2,1}'::int[], 2, 3)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{2,3,2}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>subarray(int[], int start)</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>portion of array starting at position <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>start</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>subarray('{1,2,3,2,1}'::int[], 2)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{2,3,2,1}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>intset(int)</CODE
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>make single-element array</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>intset(42)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{42}</TT
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="INTARRAY-OP-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table F-11. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>intarray</TT
> Operators</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Operator</TH
><TH
>Returns</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] && int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
>overlap — <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>true</TT
> if arrays have at least one common element</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] @> int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
>contains — <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>true</TT
> if left array contains right array</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] <@ int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
>contained — <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>true</TT
> if left array is contained in right array</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
># int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>number of elements in array</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] # int</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>index (same as <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>idx</CODE
> function)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] + int</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>push element onto array (add it to end of array)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] + int[] </TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>array concatenation (right array added to the end of left one)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] - int</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>remove entries matching right argument from array</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] - int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>remove elements of right array from left</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] | int</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>union of arguments</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] | int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>union of arrays</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] & int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>intersection of arrays</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>int[] @@ query_int</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>true</TT
> if array satisfies query (see below)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>query_int ~~ int[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>true</TT
> if array satisfies query (commutator of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@@</TT
>)</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> (Before PostgreSQL 8.2, the containment operators <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@></TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><@</TT
> were respectively called <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>~</TT
>.
These names are still available, but are deprecated and will eventually be
retired. Notice that the old names are reversed from the convention
formerly followed by the core geometric data types!)
</P
><P
> The operators <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&&</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@></TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><@</TT
> are equivalent to <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>'s built-in
operators of the same names, except that they work only on integer arrays
that do not contain nulls, while the built-in operators work for any array
type. This restriction makes them faster than the built-in operators
in many cases.
</P
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@@</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>~~</TT
> operators test whether an array
satisfies a <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>query</I
>, which is expressed as a value of a
specialized data type <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>query_int</TT
>. A <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>query</I
>
consists of integer values that are checked against the elements of
the array, possibly combined using the operators <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&</TT
>
(AND), <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>|</TT
> (OR), and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>!</TT
> (NOT). Parentheses
can be used as needed. For example,
the query <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1&(2|3)</TT
> matches arrays that contain 1
and also contain either 2 or 3.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN149110"
>F.18.2. Index Support</A
></H2
><P
> <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>intarray</TT
> provides index support for the
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&&</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><@</TT
>,
and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@@</TT
> operators, as well as regular array equality.
</P
><P
> Two GiST index operator classes are provided:
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>gist__int_ops</TT
> (used by default) is suitable for
small- to medium-size data sets, while
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>gist__intbig_ops</TT
> uses a larger signature and is more
suitable for indexing large data sets (i.e., columns containing
a large number of distinct array values).
The implementation uses an RD-tree data structure with
built-in lossy compression.
</P
><P
> There is also a non-default GIN operator class
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>gin__int_ops</TT
> supporting the same operators.
</P
><P
> The choice between GiST and GIN indexing depends on the relative
performance characteristics of GiST and GIN, which are discussed elsewhere.
As a rule of thumb, a GIN index is faster to search than a GiST index, but
slower to build or update; so GIN is better suited for static data and GiST
for often-updated data.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN149124"
>F.18.3. Example</A
></H2
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>-- a message can be in one or more <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"sections"</SPAN
>
CREATE TABLE message (mid INT PRIMARY KEY, sections INT[], ...);
-- create specialized index
CREATE INDEX message_rdtree_idx ON message USING GIST (sections gist__int_ops);
-- select messages in section 1 OR 2 - OVERLAP operator
SELECT message.mid FROM message WHERE message.sections && '{1,2}';
-- select messages in sections 1 AND 2 - CONTAINS operator
SELECT message.mid FROM message WHERE message.sections @> '{1,2}';
-- the same, using QUERY operator
SELECT message.mid FROM message WHERE message.sections @@ '1&2'::query_int;</PRE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN149128"
>F.18.4. Benchmark</A
></H2
><P
> The source directory <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>contrib/intarray/bench</TT
> contains a
benchmark test suite. To run:
</P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>cd .../bench
createdb TEST
psql TEST < ../_int.sql
./create_test.pl | psql TEST
./bench.pl</PRE
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>bench.pl</TT
> script has numerous options, which
are displayed when it is run without any arguments.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN149135"
>F.18.5. Authors</A
></H2
><P
> All work was done by Teodor Sigaev (<CODE
CLASS="EMAIL"
><<A
HREF="mailto:teodor@sigaev.ru"
>teodor@sigaev.ru</A
>></CODE
>) and
Oleg Bartunov (<CODE
CLASS="EMAIL"
><<A
HREF="mailto:oleg@sai.msu.su"
>oleg@sai.msu.su</A
>></CODE
>). See
<A
HREF="http://www.sai.msu.su/~megera/postgres/gist/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.sai.msu.su/~megera/postgres/gist/</A
> for
additional information. Andrey Oktyabrski did a great work on adding new
functions and operations.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="intagg.html"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="index.html"
ACCESSKEY="H"
>Home</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="isn.html"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
>intagg</TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="contrib.html"
ACCESSKEY="U"
>Up</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
>isn</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>