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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-diff(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-diff -
Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git diff</em> [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
<em>git diff</em> [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
<em>git diff</em> [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>…]
<em>git diff</em> [options] <blob> <blob>
<em>git diff</em> [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path></pre>
<div class="attribution">
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes
between two files on disk.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes you made relative to
the index (staging area for the next commit). In other
words, the differences are what you <em>could</em> tell Git to
further add to the index but you still haven’t. You can
stage these changes by using <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If exactly two paths are given and at least one points outside
the current repository, <em>git diff</em> will compare the two files /
directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes you staged for the next
commit relative to the named <commit>. Typically you
would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborned branches) and
<commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes.
--staged is a synonym of --cached.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes you have in your
working tree relative to the named <commit>. You can
use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a
branch name to compare with the tip of a different
branch.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
<commit>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [options] <blob> <blob>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the differences between the raw
contents of two blob objects.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is synonymous to the previous form. If <commit> on
one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as
using HEAD instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit>...<commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes on the branch containing
and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor
of both <commit>. "git diff A...B" is equivalent to
"git diff $(git-merge-base A B) B". You can omit any one
of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
in the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
<tree>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.
However, "diff" is about comparing two <em>endpoints</em>, not ranges,
and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
"<commit>...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-p
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-u
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
This is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-U<n>
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--unified=<n>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
the usual three.
Implies <code>-p</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--raw
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate the raw format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch-with-raw
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Synonym for <code>-p --raw</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--minimal
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
diff is produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patience
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--histogram
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>default</code>, <code>myers</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>minimal</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>patience</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>histogram</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
low-occurrence common elements".
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma. The width
of the graph part can be limited by using
<code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> (affects all commands generating
a stat graph) or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code>
(does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>).
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the
output to the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if
there are more.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>,
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--numstat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
<code>0 0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--shortstat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
lines.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
The following parameters are available:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>changes</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>lines</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>files</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
not have to look at the file contents at all.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>cumulative</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<limit>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
are not shown in the output.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--summary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output a condensed summary of extended header information
such as creations, renames and mode changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch-with-stat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Synonym for <code>-p --stat</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-z
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--name-only</code> or <code>--name-status</code> has been
given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes,
and backslash characters replaced with <code>\t</code>, <code>\n</code>, <code>\"</code>, and <code>\\</code>,
respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if
any of those replacements occurred.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--name-only
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show only names of changed files.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--name-status
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--submodule[=<format>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When <code>--submodule</code>
or <code>--submodule=log</code> is given, the <em>log</em> format is used. This format lists
the commits in the range like <a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does.
Omitting the <code>--submodule</code> option or specifying <code>--submodule=short</code>,
uses the <em>short</em> format. This format just shows the names of the commits
at the beginning and end of the range. Can be tweaked via the
<code>diff.submodule</code> configuration variable.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--color[=<when>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show colored diff.
<code>--color</code> (i.e. without <em>=<when></em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>.
<em><when></em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.
It can be changed by the <code>color.ui</code> and <code>color.diff</code>
configuration settings.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-color
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Turn off colored diff.
This can be used to override configuration settings.
It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--word-diff[=<mode>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words.
By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
<code>--word-diff-regex</code> below. The <mode> defaults to <em>plain</em>, and
must be one of:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
color
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies <code>--color</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
plain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show words as <code>[-removed-]</code> and <code>{+added+}</code>. Makes no
attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input,
so the output may be ambiguous.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
porcelain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use a special line-based format intended for script
consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the
usual unified diff format, starting with a <code>+</code>/<code>-</code>/` `
character at the beginning of the line and extending to the
end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a
tilde <code>~</code> on a line of its own.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
none
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable word diff again.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to
highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--word-diff-regex=<regex>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering
runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies
<code>--word-diff</code> unless it was already enabled.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Every non-overlapping match of the
<regex> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is
considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
differences. You may want to append <code>|[^[:space:]]</code> to your regular
expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
newline.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(1)</a> or <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. Giving it explicitly
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers
override configuration settings.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--color-words[=<regex>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Equivalent to <code>--word-diff=color</code> plus (if a regex was
specified) <code>--word-diff-regex=<regex></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-renames
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
file gives the default to do so.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--check
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Warn if changes introduce whitespace errors. What are
considered whitespace errors is controlled by <code>core.whitespace</code>
configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including
lines that solely consist of whitespaces) and a space character
that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
with --exit-code.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--full-index
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
line when generating patch format output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--binary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--abbrev[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
lines, show only a partial prefix. This is
independent of the <code>--full-index</code> option above, which controls
the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-B[<n>][/<m>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
create. This serves two purposes:
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the
source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared
as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of
the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
another file.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-M[<n>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-renames[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Detect renames.
If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a
delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as
a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is
the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use
<code>-M100%</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-C[<n>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-copies[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>.
If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M<n></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-copies-harder
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only
if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
changeset. This flag makes the command
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one
<code>-C</code> option has the same effect.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-D
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--irreversible-delete
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch
is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> nor <code>git apply</code>; this is
solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lack
enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
hence the name of the option.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part
of a delete/create pair.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-l<num>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options require O(n^2) processing time where n
is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)…[*]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Select only files that are Added (<code>A</code>), Copied (<code>C</code>),
Deleted (<code>D</code>), Modified (<code>M</code>), Renamed (<code>R</code>), have their
type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …) changed (<code>T</code>),
are Unmerged (<code>U</code>), are
Unknown (<code>X</code>), or have had their pairing Broken (<code>B</code>).
Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used.
When <code>*</code> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
paths are selected if there is any file that matches
other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-S<string>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
appearing in diff output; see the <em>pickaxe</em> entry in
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a> for more details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-G<regex>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
the given <regex>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--pickaxe-all
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When <code>-S</code> or <code>-G</code> finds a change, show all the changes in that
changeset, not just the files that contain the change
in <string>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--pickaxe-regex
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
regex to match.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-O<orderfile>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output the patch in the order specified in the
<orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-R
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
on-disk file to tree contents.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--relative[=<path>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be
told to exclude changes outside the directory and show
pathnames relative to it with this option. When you are
not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
to by giving a <path> as an argument.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-a
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--text
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Treat all files as text.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-space-at-eol
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-b
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-space-change
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-w
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-all-space
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores
differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
line has none.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--inter-hunk-context=<lines>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-W
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--function-context
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show whole surrounding functions of changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--exit-code
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1).
That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and
0 means no differences.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--quiet
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable all output of the program. Implies <code>--exit-code</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ext-diff
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an
external diff driver with <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>, you need
to use this option with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and friends.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-ext-diff
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disallow external diff drivers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--textconv
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-textconv
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run
when comparing binary files. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for
details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way
conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human
consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv
filters are enabled by default only for <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, but not for <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> or
diff plumbing commands.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-submodules[=<when>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
<em>ignore</em> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> or <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>. When
"untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--src-prefix=<prefix>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dst-prefix=<prefix>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-prefix
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Do not show any source or destination prefix.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<path>…
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <paths> parameters, when given, are used to limit
the diff to the named paths (you can give directory
names and get diff for all files under them).
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_raw_output_format">Raw output format</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The raw output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree",
"git-diff-files" and "git diff --raw" are very similar.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
compared differs:</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
git-diff-index <tree-ish>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
compares the trees named by the two arguments.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The "git-diff-tree" command begins its output by printing the hash of
what is being compared. After that, all the commands print one output
line per changed file.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>An output line is formatted this way:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>That is, from the left to the right:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
a colon.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a space.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a space.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a space.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a space.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
status, followed by optional "score" number.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
path for "src"
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used; only exists for C or R.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
an LF or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used, to terminate the record.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Possible status letters are:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
A: addition of a file
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
C: copy of a file into a new one
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
D: deletion of a file
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
M: modification of the contents or mode of a file
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
R: renaming of a file
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
T: change in the type of the file
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
U: file is unmerged (you must complete the merge before it can
be committed)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
X: "unknown" change type (most probably a bug, please report it)
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the
percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or
copy), and are the only ones to be so.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><sha1> is shown as all 0’s if a file is new on the filesystem
and it is out of sync with the index.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When <code>-z</code> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
in pathnames are represented as <code>\t</code>, <code>\n</code>, and <code>\\</code>,
respectively.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_diff_format_for_merges">diff format for merges</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>"git-diff-tree", "git-diff-files" and "git-diff --raw"
can take <em>-c</em> or <em>--cc</em> option
to generate diff output also for merge commits. The output differs
from the format described above in the following way:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
there is a colon for each parent
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
there are more "src" modes and "src" sha1
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
status is concatenated status characters for each parent
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
no optional "score" number
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
single path, only for "dst"
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8... cc95eb0... 4866510... MM describe.c</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that <em>combined diff</em> lists only files which were modified from
all parents.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_generating_patches_with_p">Generating patches with -p</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
with a <em>-p</em> option, "git diff" without the <em>--raw</em> option, or
"git log" with the "-p" option, they
do not produce the output described above; instead they produce a
patch file. You can customize the creation of such patches via the
GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and the GIT_DIFF_OPTS environment variables.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
diff format:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
It is preceded with a "git diff" header that looks like this:
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
<code>/dev/null</code> is <em>not</em> used in place of the <code>a/</code> or <code>b/</code> filenames.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When rename/copy is involved, <code>file1</code> and <code>file2</code> show the
name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>old mode <mode>
new mode <mode>
deleted file mode <mode>
new file mode <mode>
copy from <path>
copy to <path>
rename from <path>
rename to <path>
similarity index <number>
dissimilarity index <number>
index <hash>..<hash> <mode></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>File modes are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type
and file permission bits.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Path names in extended headers do not include the <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> prefixes.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and
the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It
is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The
similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
file made it into the new one.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The index line includes the SHA-1 checksum before and after the change.
The <mode> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise,
separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
TAB, LF, double quote and backslash characters in pathnames
are represented as <code>\t</code>, <code>\n</code>, <code>\"</code> and <code>\\</code>, respectively.
If there is need for such substitution then the whole
pathname is put in double quotes.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
All the <code>file1</code> files in the output refer to files before the
commit, and all the <code>file2</code> files refer to files after the commit.
It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For
example, this patch will swap a and b:
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>diff --git a/a b/b
rename from a
rename to b
diff --git a/b b/a
rename from b
rename to a</code></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_combined_diff_format">combined diff format</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Any diff-generating command can take the ‘-c` or <code>--cc</code> option to
produce a <em>combined diff</em> when showing a merge. This is the default
format when showing merges with <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> or
<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>. Note also that you can give the `-m’ option to any
of these commands to force generation of diffs with individual parents
of a merge.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>A <em>combined diff</em> format looks like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>diff --combined describe.c
index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
--- a/describe.c
+++ b/describe.c
@@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
}
- static void describe(char *arg)
-static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
{
+ unsigned char sha1[20];
+ struct commit *cmit;
struct commit_list *list;
static int initialized = 0;
struct commit_name *n;
+ if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
+ usage(describe_usage);
+ cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+ if (!cmit)
+ usage(describe_usage);
+
if (!initialized) {
initialized = 1;
for_each_ref(get_name);</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
this (when <em>-c</em> option is used):
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>diff --combined file</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>or like this (when <em>--cc</em> option is used):</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>diff --cc file</code></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
It is followed by one or more extended header lines
(this example shows a merge with two parents):
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>index <hash>,<hash>..<hash>
mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
new file mode <mode>
deleted file mode <mode>,<mode></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode></code> line appears only if at least one of
the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with
information about detected contents movement (renames and
copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two
<tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>--- a/file
+++ b/file</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Similar to two-line header for traditional <em>unified</em> diff
format, <code>/dev/null</code> is used to signal created or deleted
files.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
accidentally feeding it to <code>patch -p1</code>. Combined diff format
was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
meant for apply. The change is similar to the change in the
extended <em>index</em> header:
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>@@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are (number of parents + 1) <code>@</code> characters in the chunk
header for combined diff format.</p></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
files A and B with a single column that has <code>-</code> (minus — appears in A but removed in B), <code>+</code> (plus — missing in A but
added to B), or <code>" "</code> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X’s line is
different from it.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>A <code>-</code> character in the column N means that the line appears in
fileN but it does not appear in the result. A <code>+</code> character
in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
added, from the point of view of that parent).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
from both files (hence two <code>-</code> removals from both file1 and
file2, plus <code>++</code> to mean one line that was added does not appear
in either file1 nor file2). Also eight other lines are the same
from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <code>+</code>).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When shown by <code>git diff-tree -c</code>, it compares the parents of a
merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
parents). When shown by <code>git diff-files -c</code>, it compares the
two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
(i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
"their version").</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_other_diff_formats">other diff formats</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>--summary</code> option describes newly added, deleted, renamed and
copied files. The <code>--stat</code> option adds diffstat(1) graph to the
output. These options can be combined with other options, such as
<code>-p</code>, and are meant for human consumption.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When showing a change that involves a rename or a copy, <code>--stat</code> output
formats the pathnames compactly by combining common prefix and suffix of
the pathnames. For example, a change that moves <code>arch/i386/Makefile</code> to
<code>arch/x86/Makefile</code> while modifying 4 lines will be shown like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile | 4 +--</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>--numstat</code> option gives the diffstat(1) information but is designed
for easier machine consumption. An entry in <code>--numstat</code> output looks
like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>1 2 README
3 1 arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>That is, from left to right:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
the number of added lines;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a tab;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
the number of deleted lines;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a tab;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
pathname (possibly with rename/copy information);
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a newline.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When <code>-z</code> output option is in effect, the output is formatted this way:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>1 2 README NUL
3 1 NUL arch/i386/Makefile NUL arch/x86/Makefile NUL</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>That is:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
the number of added lines;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a tab;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
the number of deleted lines;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a tab;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
pathname in preimage;
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
pathname in postimage (only exists if renamed/copied);
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
a NUL.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The extra <code>NUL</code> before the preimage path in renamed case is to allow
scripts that read the output to tell if the current record being read is
a single-path record or a rename/copy record without reading ahead.
After reading added and deleted lines, reading up to <code>NUL</code> would yield
the pathname, but if that is <code>NUL</code>, the record will show two paths.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Various ways to check your working tree
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git diff <b><1></b>
$ git diff --cached <b><2></b>
$ git diff HEAD <b><3></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
Changes in the working tree not yet staged for the next commit.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Changes between the index and your last commit; what you
would be committing if you run "git commit" without "-a" option.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Changes in the working tree since your last commit; what you
would be committing if you run "git commit -a"
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Comparing with arbitrary commits
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git diff test <b><1></b>
$ git diff HEAD -- ./test <b><2></b>
$ git diff HEAD^ HEAD <b><3></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
Instead of using the tip of the current branch, compare with the
tip of "test" branch.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Instead of comparing with the tip of "test" branch, compare with
the tip of the current branch, but limit the comparison to the
file "test".
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Compare the version before the last commit and the last commit.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Comparing branches
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git diff topic master <b><1></b>
$ git diff topic..master <b><2></b>
$ git diff topic...master <b><3></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
Changes between the tips of the topic and the master branches.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Same as above.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Changes that occurred on the master branch since when the topic
branch was started off it.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Limiting the diff output
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git diff --diff-filter=MRC <b><1></b>
$ git diff --name-status <b><2></b>
$ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <b><3></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
Show only modification, rename and copy, but not addition
nor deletion.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual
diff output.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Limit diff output to named subtrees.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Munging the diff output
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git diff --find-copies-harder -B -C <b><1></b>
$ git diff -R <b><2></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
Spend extra cycles to find renames, copies and complete
rewrites (very expensive).
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Output diff in reverse.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>diff(1),
<a href="git-difftool.html">git-difftool(1)</a>,
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>,
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>,
<a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a>,
<a href="git-apply.html">git-apply(1)</a></p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2013-06-10 20:01:55 UTC
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