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=encoding utf8 =head1 NAME Net::IDN::Overwiew - Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) =head1 DESCRIPTION The C<Net::IDN::*> modules provide a framework for the handling of Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) in perl programmes. This document provides an overview of the available modules in order to allow you to choose the best module for the task at hand. =head2 AVAILABLE MODULES =head3 HIGH-LEVEL (USE THIS) =over =item L<Net::IDN::Encode> provides a high-level interface for converting domain names (and for convenience, email addresses). Use this module if you just want to convert domain names and don't care about how this is done internally. Currently, this module uses L<Net::IDN::UTS46>. However, this might change in the future if another specification (e.g. a revision of IDNA2008) becomes more appropriate. The author aims for Net::IDN::Encode to always use the specification that will provide the "least surprising" results. =back =head3 STANDARD-SPECIFIC These modules implement different versions of the the IDNA specifications. Use one of these modules only if you require compatibility with a specific incarnation of IDNA. =over =item L<Net::IDN::IDNA2003> implements the orginal IDNA specification, released in 2003 (IDNA2003), which is now obsolete. IDNA2003 is defined in RFC 3490 L<http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/3490> and related documents. =begin comment =item L<Net::IDN::IDNA2008> implements the current IDNA specification, released in early 2010 (IDNA2008 or IDNAbis). Please note that this module will not allow you to convert some domain names, such as C<√.com> or C<I♥NY.com>, which were allowed in IDNA2003 but are disallowed in IDNA2008. IDNA2008 is defined in RFC 5890 L<http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/5890> and related documents. =end comment =item L<Net::IDN::UTS46> implements Unicode Technical Standard #46 (UTS #46 L<http://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>), Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing. This specification supports all domain names allowed under either IDNA2003 or IDNA2008. =back =head3 ENCODING =over =item L<Net::IDN::Punycode> performs the actual conversion between the ASCII and Unicode form of strings. Punycode is defined in RFC 3492 L<http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/3492> and related documents. Usually, it is not a good idea to use this module directly. If you convert domain labels (or other strings) without proper prepration, you may end up with an ASCII encoding that is not interoperable or poses security issues due to spoofing. Even if you think that your domain names are valid and in already-mapped format, you might be fooled by different Unicode normalization forms (for example, some environments might automatically convert your data to NFD, which breaks IDNA). =back =head3 DEPRECATED/COMPATIBILITY These modules are only maintained in order to not break applications that might rely on them =over =item L<Encode::Punycode> provides an L<Encode> plugin for Punycode. As Punycode is not a general-purpose encoding, there are limited applications. =item L<IDNA::Punycode> has an API depending on global variables. Don't use this module. =back =head2 DISTRIBUTIONS =over =item Net-IDN-Encode is the main distribution covering the most common cases for converting domain names between ASCII and Unicode. The author tries to keep the dependency chain as small as possible; currently this distribution only depends on perl 5.8.5 (including the core module L<Unicode::Normalize> ). =item Net-IDN-IDNA2003 provides the L<Net::IDN::IDNA2003> module. This is separate because it has an dependency on L<Unicode::Stringprep> (through L<Net::IDN::Nameprep>). =begin comment =item Net-IDN-IDNA2008 provides the L<Net::IDN::IDNA2008> module. This is separate because it has an dependency on perl 5.10 or higher (through L<Unicode::Precis>). =end comment =item Encode-Punycode =item IDNA-Punycode are separate because they are of limited use to the average user/perl programmer. =back =head1 AUTHOR Claus FE<auml>rber <CFAERBER@cpan.org> =cut